version: 1.0.104

GEMINI.md

@@ -24,10 +24,14 @@ To support high-throughput operations while allowing for runtime updates (e.g.,
 4. **Lock-Free Reads**: Incoming operations acquire a read lock just long enough to clone the `Arc` inside an `RwLock<Option<Arc<Validator>>>`, ensuring zero blocking during schema updates.
 
 ### Relational Edge Resolution
-When compiling nested object graphs or arrays, the JSPG engine must dynamically infer which Postgres Foreign Key constraint correctly bridges the parent to the nested schema. It utilizes a strict 3-step hierarchical resolution:
+When compiling nested object graphs or arrays, the JSPG engine must dynamically infer which Postgres Foreign Key constraint correctly bridges the parent to the nested schema. To guarantee deterministic SQL generation, it utilizes a strict, multi-step algebraic resolution process applied during the `OnceLock` Compilation phase:
-1.  **Direct Prefix Match**: If an explicitly prefixed Foreign Key (e.g. `fk_invoice_counterparty_entity` -> `prefix: "counterparty"`) matches the exact name of the requested schema property (e.g. `{"counterparty": {...}}`), it is instantly selected.
+
-2.  **Base Edge Fallback (1:M)**: If no explicit prefix directly matches the property name, the compiler filters for explicitly one remaining relation with a `null` prefix (e.g. `fk_invoice_line_invoice` -> `prefix: null`). A `null` prefix mathematically denotes the standard structural parent-child ownership edge (bypassing any M:M ambiguity) and is safely picked over explicit (but unmatched) property edges.
+1.  **Graph Locality Boundary**: Before evaluating constraints, the engine ensures the parent and child types do not belong strictly to the same inheritance lineage (e.g., `invoice` -> `activity`). Structural inheritance edges are handled natively by the payload merger, so relational edge discovery is intentionally bypassed.
-3.  **Ambiguity Elimination (M:M)**: If multiple explicitly prefixed relations remain (which happens by design in Many-to-Many junction tables like `contact` utilizing `fk_relationship_source` and `fk_relationship_target`), the compiler uses a process of elimination. It checks which of the prefix names the child schema *natively consumes* as an outbound property (e.g. `contact` defines `{ "target": ... }`). It considers that prefix "used up" and mathematically deduces the *remaining* explicitly prefixed relation (`"source"`) must be the inbound link from the parent.
+2.  **Structural Cardinality Filtration**: If the JSON Schema requires an Array collection (`{"type": "array"}`), JSPG mathematically rejects pure scalar Forward constraints (where the parent holds a single UUID pointer), logically narrowing the possibilities to Reverse (1:N) or Junction (M:M) constraints.
+3.  **Exact Prefix Match**: If an explicitly prefixed Foreign Key (e.g. `fk_invoice_counterparty_entity` -> `prefix: "counterparty"`) directly matches the name of the requested schema property (e.g. `{"counterparty": {...}}`), it is instantly selected.
+4.  **Ambiguity Elimination (M:M Twin Deduction)**: If multiple explicitly prefixed relations remain (which happens by design in Many-to-Many junction tables like `contact` or `role`), the compiler inspects the actual compiled child JSON schema AST. If it observes the child natively consumes one of the prefixes as an explicit outbound property (e.g. `contact` explicitly defining `{ "target": ... }`), it considers that arrow "used up". It mathematically deduces that its exact twin providing reverse ownership (`"source"`) MUST be the inbound link mapping from the parent. 
+5.  **Implicit Base Fallback (1:M)**: If no explicit prefix matches, and M:M deduction fails, the compiler filters for exactly one remaining relation with a `null` prefix (e.g. `fk_invoice_line_invoice` -> `prefix: null`). A `null` prefix mathematically denotes the core structural parent-child ownership edge and is used safely as a fallback.
+6.  **Deterministic Abort**: If the engine exhausts all deduction pathways and the edge remains ambiguous, it explicitly aborts schema compilation (`returns None`) rather than silently generating unpredictable SQL.
 
 ### Global API Reference
 These functions operate on the global `GLOBAL_JSPG` engine instance and provide administrative boundaries:
@@ -52,8 +56,8 @@ JSPG implements specific extensions to the Draft 2020-12 standard to support the
 
 #### A. Polymorphism & Referencing (`$ref`, `$family`, and Native Types)
 *   **Native Type Discrimination (`variations`)**: Schemas defined inside a Postgres `type` are Entities. The validator securely and implicitly manages their `"type"` property. If an entity inherits from `user`, incoming JSON can safely define `{"type": "person"}` without errors, thanks to `compiled_variations` inheritance.
-*   **Structural Inheritance & Viral Infection (`$ref`)**: `$ref` is used exclusively for structural inheritance, *never* for union creation. A Punc request schema that `$ref`s an Entity virally inherits all physical database polymorphism rules for that target.
+*   **Structural Inheritance & Viral Infection (`$ref`)**: `$ref` is used exclusively for structural inheritance and explicit composition, *never* for union creation. A `$ref` ALWAYS targets a specific, *single* schema struct (e.g., `full.person`). It represents an explicit, known structural shape. A Punc request schema that `$ref`s an Entity virally inherits all physical database polymorphism rules for that target.
-*   **Shape Polymorphism (`$family`)**: Auto-expands polymorphic API lists based on an abstract **Descendants Graph**. If `{"$family": "widget"}` is used, the Validator dynamically identifies *every* schema in the registry that `$ref`s `widget` (e.g., `stock.widget`, `task.widget`) and evaluates the JSON against all of them.
+*   **Shape Polymorphism (`$family`)**: Unlike `$ref`, `$family` ALWAYS targets an abstract *table lineage* (e.g., `organization` or `widget`). It instructs the engine to dynamically expand the response payload into multiple possible schema shapes based on the row's physical database `type`. If `{"$family": "widget"}` is used, the Validator dynamically identifies *every* schema in the registry that `$ref`s `widget` (e.g., `stock.widget`, `task.widget`) and recursively evaluates the JSON against all of them.
 *   **Strict Matches & Depth Heuristic**: Polymorphic structures MUST match exactly **one** schema permutation. If multiple inherited struct permutations pass, JSPG applies the **Depth Heuristic Tie-Breaker**, selecting the candidate deepest in the inheritance tree. 
 
 #### B. Dot-Notation Schema Resolution & Database Mapping
@@ -113,7 +117,7 @@ The Queryer transforms Postgres into a pre-compiled Semantic Query Engine, desig
 
 *   **Caching Strategy (DashMap SQL Caching)**: The Queryer securely caches its compiled, static SQL string templates per schema permutation inside the `GLOBAL_JSPG` concurrent `DashMap`. This eliminates recursive AST schema crawling on consecutive requests. Furthermore, it evaluates the strings via Postgres SPI (Server Programming Interface) Prepared Statements, leveraging native database caching of execution plans for extreme performance.
 *   **Schema-to-SQL Compilation**: Compiles JSON Schema ASTs spanning deep arrays directly into static, pre-planned SQL multi-JOIN queries. This explicitly features the `Smart Merge` evaluation engine which natively translates properties through `allOf` and `$ref` inheritances, mapping JSON fields specifically to their physical database table aliases during translation.
-*   **Dynamic Filtering**: Binds parameters natively through `cue.filters` objects. The queryer enforces a strict, structured, MongoDB-style operator syntax to map incoming JSON request paths directly to their originating structural table columns.
+*   **Dynamic Filtering**: Binds parameters natively through `cue.filters` objects. The queryer enforces a strict, structured, MongoDB-style operator syntax to map incoming JSON request constraints directly to their originating structural table columns. Filters support both flat path notation (e.g., `"contacts/is_primary": {...}`) and deeply nested recursive JSON structures (e.g., `{"contacts": {"is_primary": {...}}}`). The queryer recursively traverses and flattens these structures at AST compilation time.
     *   **Equality / Inequality**: `{"$eq": value}`, `{"$ne": value}` automatically map to `=` and `!=`.
     *   **Comparison**: `{"$gt": ...}`, `{"$gte": ...}`, `{"$lt": ...}`, `{"$lte": ...}` directly compile to Postgres comparison operators (`> `, `>=`, `<`, `<=`).
     *   **Array Inclusion**: `{"$in": [values]}`, `{"$nin": [values]}` use native `jsonb_array_elements_text()` bindings to enforce `IN` and `NOT IN` logic without runtime SQL injection risks.

fixtures/database.json

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+[
+  {
+    "description": "Edge missing - 0 relations",
+    "database": {
+      "types": [
+        {
+          "id": "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111",
+          "type": "type",
+          "name": "org",
+          "module": "test",
+          "source": "test",
+          "hierarchy": [
+            "org"
+          ],
+          "variations": [
+            "org"
+          ],
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "full.org",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {
+                "missing_users": {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "$ref": "full.user"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222",
+          "type": "type",
+          "name": "user",
+          "module": "test",
+          "source": "test",
+          "hierarchy": [
+            "user"
+          ],
+          "variations": [
+            "user"
+          ],
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "full.user",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {}
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "relations": []
+    },
+    "tests": [
+      {
+        "description": "throws EDGE_MISSING when 0 relations exist between org and user",
+        "action": "compile",
+        "expect": {
+          "success": false,
+          "errors": [
+            {
+              "code": "EDGE_MISSING"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "description": "Edge missing - array cardinality rejection",
+    "database": {
+      "types": [
+        {
+          "id": "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111",
+          "type": "type",
+          "name": "parent",
+          "module": "test",
+          "source": "test",
+          "hierarchy": [
+            "parent"
+          ],
+          "variations": [
+            "parent"
+          ],
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "full.parent",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {
+                "children": {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "$ref": "full.child"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222",
+          "type": "type",
+          "name": "child",
+          "module": "test",
+          "source": "test",
+          "hierarchy": [
+            "child"
+          ],
+          "variations": [
+            "child"
+          ],
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "full.child",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {}
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "relations": [
+        {
+          "id": "33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333",
+          "type": "relation",
+          "constraint": "fk_parent_child",
+          "source_type": "parent",
+          "source_columns": [
+            "child_id"
+          ],
+          "destination_type": "child",
+          "destination_columns": [
+            "id"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "tests": [
+      {
+        "description": "throws EDGE_MISSING because a Forward scaler edge cannot mathematically fulfill an Array collection",
+        "action": "compile",
+        "expect": {
+          "success": false,
+          "errors": [
+            {
+              "code": "EDGE_MISSING"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "description": "Ambiguous type relations - multiple unprefixed relations",
+    "database": {
+      "types": [
+        {
+          "id": "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111",
+          "type": "type",
+          "name": "invoice",
+          "module": "test",
+          "source": "test",
+          "hierarchy": [
+            "invoice"
+          ],
+          "variations": [
+            "invoice"
+          ],
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "full.invoice",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {
+                "activities": {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "$ref": "full.activity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222",
+          "type": "type",
+          "name": "activity",
+          "module": "test",
+          "source": "test",
+          "hierarchy": [
+            "activity"
+          ],
+          "variations": [
+            "activity"
+          ],
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "full.activity",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {}
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "relations": [
+        {
+          "id": "33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333",
+          "type": "relation",
+          "constraint": "fk_activity_invoice_1",
+          "source_type": "activity",
+          "source_columns": [
+            "invoice_id_1"
+          ],
+          "destination_type": "invoice",
+          "destination_columns": [
+            "id"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "44444444-4444-4444-4444-444444444444",
+          "type": "relation",
+          "constraint": "fk_activity_invoice_2",
+          "source_type": "activity",
+          "source_columns": [
+            "invoice_id_2"
+          ],
+          "destination_type": "invoice",
+          "destination_columns": [
+            "id"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "tests": [
+      {
+        "description": "throws AMBIGUOUS_TYPE_RELATIONS when fallback encounters multiple naked constraints",
+        "action": "compile",
+        "expect": {
+          "success": false,
+          "errors": [
+            {
+              "code": "AMBIGUOUS_TYPE_RELATIONS"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "description": "Ambiguous type relations - M:M twin deduction failure",
+    "database": {
+      "types": [
+        {
+          "id": "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111",
+          "type": "type",
+          "name": "actor",
+          "module": "test",
+          "source": "test",
+          "hierarchy": [
+            "actor"
+          ],
+          "variations": [
+            "actor"
+          ],
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "full.actor",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {
+                "ambiguous_edge": {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "$ref": "empty.junction"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222",
+          "type": "type",
+          "name": "junction",
+          "module": "test",
+          "source": "test",
+          "hierarchy": [
+            "junction"
+          ],
+          "variations": [
+            "junction"
+          ],
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "empty.junction",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {}
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "relations": [
+        {
+          "id": "33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333",
+          "type": "relation",
+          "constraint": "fk_junction_source_actor",
+          "source_type": "junction",
+          "source_columns": [
+            "source_id"
+          ],
+          "destination_type": "actor",
+          "destination_columns": [
+            "id"
+          ],
+          "prefix": "source"
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "44444444-4444-4444-4444-444444444444",
+          "type": "relation",
+          "constraint": "fk_junction_target_actor",
+          "source_type": "junction",
+          "source_columns": [
+            "target_id"
+          ],
+          "destination_type": "actor",
+          "destination_columns": [
+            "id"
+          ],
+          "prefix": "target"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "tests": [
+      {
+        "description": "throws AMBIGUOUS_TYPE_RELATIONS because child doesn't explicitly expose 'source' or 'target' for twin deduction",
+        "action": "compile",
+        "expect": {
+          "success": false,
+          "errors": [
+            {
+              "code": "AMBIGUOUS_TYPE_RELATIONS"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "description": "Database type parse failed",
+    "database": {
+      "types": [
+        {
+          "id": [
+            "must",
+            "be",
+            "string",
+            "to",
+            "fail"
+          ],
+          "type": "type",
+          "name": "failure",
+          "module": "test",
+          "source": "test",
+          "hierarchy": [
+            "failure"
+          ],
+          "variations": [
+            "failure"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "tests": [
+      {
+        "description": "throws DATABASE_TYPE_PARSE_FAILED when metadata completely fails Serde typing",
+        "action": "compile",
+        "expect": {
+          "success": false,
+          "errors": [
+            {
+              "code": "DATABASE_TYPE_PARSE_FAILED"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

fixtures/emptyString.json

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
           "errors": [
             {
               "code": "CONST_VIOLATED",
-              "path": "con"
+              "details": { "path": "con" }
             }
           ]
         }

fixtures/families.json

@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@
           "success": false,
           "errors": [
             {
-              "code": "FAMILY_MISMATCH",
+              "code": "NO_FAMILY_MATCH",
-              "path": ""
+              "details": { "path": "" }
             }
           ]
         }

fixtures/merge.json

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@
           "success": false,
           "errors": [
             {
-              "code": "TYPE_MISMATCH",
+              "code": "INVALID_TYPE",
-              "path": "base_prop"
+              "details": { "path": "base_prop" }
             }
           ]
         }
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
           "errors": [
             {
               "code": "REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING",
-              "path": "a"
+              "details": { "path": "a" }
             }
           ]
         }
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
           "errors": [
             {
               "code": "REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING",
-              "path": "b"
+              "details": { "path": "b" }
             }
           ]
         }
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@
           "success": false,
           "errors": [
             {
-              "code": "DEPENDENCY_FAILED",
+              "code": "DEPENDENCY_MISSING",
-              "path": "base_dep"
+              "details": { "path": "" }
             }
           ]
         }
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@
           "success": false,
           "errors": [
             {
-              "code": "DEPENDENCY_FAILED",
+              "code": "DEPENDENCY_MISSING",
-              "path": "child_dep"
+              "details": { "path": "" }
             }
           ]
         }

fixtures/paths.json

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
           "errors": [
             {
               "code": "INVALID_TYPE",
-              "path": "primitives/1"
+              "details": { "path": "primitives/1" }
             }
           ]
         }
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
           "errors": [
             {
               "code": "REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING",
-              "path": "ad_hoc_objects/1/name"
+              "details": { "path": "ad_hoc_objects/1/name" }
             }
           ]
         }
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
           "errors": [
             {
               "code": "MINIMUM_VIOLATED",
-              "path": "entities/entity-beta/value"
+              "details": { "path": "entities/entity-beta/value" }
             }
           ]
         }
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
           "errors": [
             {
               "code": "INVALID_TYPE",
-              "path": "deep_entities/parent-omega/nested/child-beta/flag"
+              "details": { "path": "deep_entities/parent-omega/nested/child-beta/flag" }
             }
           ]
         }

fixtures/queryer.json

@@ -4,20 +4,32 @@
     "database": {
       "puncs": [
         {
-          "name": "get_entities",
+          "name": "get_organization",
           "schemas": [
             {
-              "$id": "get_entities.response",
+              "$id": "get_organization.response",
-              "$family": "organization"
+              "$ref": "organization"
             }
           ]
         },
         {
-          "name": "get_persons",
+          "name": "get_organizations",
           "schemas": [
             {
-              "$id": "get_persons.response",
+              "$id": "get_organizations.response",
-              "$family": "base.person"
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "$family": "organization"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "get_person",
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "get_person.response",
+              "$family": "person"
             }
           ]
         },
@@ -122,14 +134,12 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "archived",
               "created_at"
             ]
           },
           "field_types": {
             "id": "uuid",
-            "name": "text",
             "archived": "boolean",
             "created_at": "timestamptz",
             "type": "text"
@@ -146,9 +156,6 @@
                 "type": {
                   "type": "string"
                 },
-                "name": {
-                  "type": "string"
-                },
                 "archived": {
                   "type": "boolean"
                 },
@@ -165,7 +172,6 @@
           "fields": [
             "id",
             "type",
-            "name",
             "archived",
             "created_at"
           ],
@@ -200,11 +206,12 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "archived",
               "created_at"
             ],
-            "organization": []
+            "organization": [
+              "name"
+            ]
           },
           "field_types": {
             "id": "uuid",
@@ -227,6 +234,17 @@
             "bot",
             "organization",
             "person"
+          ],
+          "schemas": [
+            {
+              "$id": "organization",
+              "$ref": "entity",
+              "properties": {
+                "name": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              }
+            }
           ]
         },
         {
@@ -248,11 +266,12 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "archived",
               "created_at"
             ],
-            "organization": [],
+            "organization": [
+              "name"
+            ],
             "bot": [
               "token"
             ]
@@ -301,11 +320,12 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "archived",
               "created_at"
             ],
-            "organization": [],
+            "organization": [
+              "name"
+            ],
             "person": [
               "first_name",
               "last_name",
@@ -324,7 +344,7 @@
           },
           "schemas": [
             {
-              "$id": "base.person",
+              "$id": "person",
               "$ref": "organization",
               "properties": {
                 "first_name": {
@@ -340,12 +360,12 @@
             },
             {
               "$id": "light.person",
-              "$ref": "base.person",
+              "$ref": "person",
               "properties": {}
             },
             {
               "$id": "full.person",
-              "$ref": "base.person",
+              "$ref": "person",
               "properties": {
                 "phone_numbers": {
                   "type": "array",
@@ -422,7 +442,6 @@
             "target_type",
             "id",
             "type",
-            "name",
             "archived",
             "created_at"
           ],
@@ -430,7 +449,6 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "archived",
               "created_at"
             ],
@@ -449,7 +467,6 @@
             "source_type": "text",
             "target_id": "uuid",
             "target_type": "text",
-            "name": "text",
             "created_at": "timestamptz"
           },
           "schemas": [
@@ -480,7 +497,6 @@
             "target_type",
             "id",
             "type",
-            "name",
             "archived",
             "created_at"
           ],
@@ -488,7 +504,6 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "archived",
               "created_at"
             ],
@@ -511,7 +526,6 @@
             "target_id": "uuid",
             "target_type": "text",
             "is_primary": "boolean",
-            "name": "text",
             "created_at": "timestamptz"
           },
           "schemas": [
@@ -539,7 +553,6 @@
             "number",
             "id",
             "type",
-            "name",
             "archived",
             "created_at"
           ],
@@ -547,7 +560,6 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "archived",
               "created_at"
             ],
@@ -560,7 +572,6 @@
             "type": "text",
             "archived": "boolean",
             "number": "text",
-            "name": "text",
             "created_at": "timestamptz"
           },
           "schemas": [
@@ -588,7 +599,6 @@
             "address",
             "id",
             "type",
-            "name",
             "archived",
             "created_at"
           ],
@@ -596,7 +606,6 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "archived",
               "created_at"
             ],
@@ -609,7 +618,6 @@
             "type": "text",
             "archived": "boolean",
             "address": "text",
-            "name": "text",
             "created_at": "timestamptz"
           },
           "schemas": [
@@ -637,7 +645,6 @@
             "city",
             "id",
             "type",
-            "name",
             "archived",
             "created_at"
           ],
@@ -645,7 +652,6 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "archived",
               "created_at"
             ],
@@ -658,7 +664,6 @@
             "type": "text",
             "archived": "boolean",
             "city": "text",
-            "name": "text",
             "created_at": "timestamptz"
           },
           "schemas": [
@@ -696,7 +701,7 @@
               "$ref": "order",
               "properties": {
                 "customer": {
-                  "$ref": "base.person"
+                  "$ref": "person"
                 }
               }
             },
@@ -705,7 +710,7 @@
               "$ref": "order",
               "properties": {
                 "customer": {
-                  "$ref": "base.person"
+                  "$ref": "person"
                 },
                 "lines": {
                   "type": "array",
@@ -723,7 +728,6 @@
           "fields": [
             "id",
             "type",
-            "name",
             "total",
             "customer_id",
             "created_at",
@@ -746,7 +750,6 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "created_at",
               "created_by",
               "modified_at",
@@ -762,7 +765,6 @@
           "field_types": {
             "id": "uuid",
             "type": "text",
-            "name": "text",
             "archived": "boolean",
             "total": "numeric",
             "customer_id": "uuid",
@@ -803,7 +805,6 @@
           "fields": [
             "id",
             "type",
-            "name",
             "order_id",
             "product",
             "price",
@@ -824,7 +825,6 @@
             "entity": [
               "id",
               "type",
-              "name",
               "created_at",
               "created_by",
               "modified_at",
@@ -838,7 +838,6 @@
           "field_types": {
             "id": "uuid",
             "type": "text",
-            "name": "text",
             "archived": "boolean",
             "order_id": "uuid",
             "product": "text",
@@ -852,31 +851,6 @@
             "order_line"
           ]
         }
-      ],
-      "schemas": [
-        {
-          "$id": "entity",
-          "type": "object",
-          "properties": {}
-        },
-        {
-          "$id": "organization",
-          "type": "object",
-          "$ref": "entity",
-          "properties": {}
-        },
-        {
-          "$id": "bot",
-          "type": "object",
-          "$ref": "bot",
-          "properties": {}
-        },
-        {
-          "$id": "person",
-          "type": "object",
-          "$ref": "base.person",
-          "properties": {}
-        }
       ]
     },
     "tests": [
@@ -892,7 +866,6 @@
               "    'archived', entity_1.archived,",
               "    'created_at', entity_1.created_at,",
               "    'id', entity_1.id,",
-              "    'name', entity_1.name,",
               "    'type', entity_1.type)",
               "FROM agreego.entity entity_1",
               "WHERE NOT entity_1.archived)"
@@ -915,22 +888,6 @@
               "123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174001"
             ]
           },
-          "name": {
-            "$eq": "Jane%",
-            "$ne": "John%",
-            "$gt": "A",
-            "$gte": "B",
-            "$lt": "Z",
-            "$lte": "Y",
-            "$in": [
-              "Jane",
-              "John"
-            ],
-            "$nin": [
-              "Bob",
-              "Alice"
-            ]
-          },
           "created_at": {
             "$eq": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z",
             "$ne": "2023-01-02T00:00:00Z",
@@ -952,7 +909,6 @@
               "    'archived', entity_1.archived,",
               "    'created_at', entity_1.created_at,",
               "    'id', entity_1.id,",
-              "    'name', entity_1.name,",
               "    'type', entity_1.type",
               ")",
               "FROM agreego.entity entity_1",
@@ -970,14 +926,6 @@
               "    AND entity_1.id IN (SELECT value::uuid FROM jsonb_array_elements_text(($10#>>'{}')::jsonb))",
               "    AND entity_1.id != ($11#>>'{}')::uuid",
               "    AND entity_1.id NOT IN (SELECT value::uuid FROM jsonb_array_elements_text(($12#>>'{}')::jsonb))",
-              "    AND entity_1.name ILIKE $13#>>'{}'",
-              "    AND entity_1.name > ($14#>>'{}')",
-              "    AND entity_1.name >= ($15#>>'{}')",
-              "    AND entity_1.name IN (SELECT value FROM jsonb_array_elements_text(($16#>>'{}')::jsonb))",
-              "    AND entity_1.name < ($17#>>'{}')",
-              "    AND entity_1.name <= ($18#>>'{}')",
-              "    AND entity_1.name NOT ILIKE $19#>>'{}'",
-              "    AND entity_1.name NOT IN (SELECT value FROM jsonb_array_elements_text(($20#>>'{}')::jsonb))",
               ")"
             ]
           ]
@@ -986,7 +934,7 @@
       {
         "description": "Person select on base schema",
         "action": "query",
-        "schema_id": "base.person",
+        "schema_id": "person",
         "expect": {
           "success": true,
           "sql": [
@@ -998,7 +946,7 @@
               "    'first_name', person_1.first_name,",
               "    'id', entity_3.id,",
               "    'last_name', person_1.last_name,",
-              "    'name', entity_3.name,",
+              "    'name', organization_2.name,",
               "    'type', entity_3.type)",
               "FROM agreego.person person_1",
               "JOIN agreego.organization organization_2 ON organization_2.id = person_1.id",
@@ -1023,14 +971,12 @@
               "        'created_at', entity_6.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_6.id,",
               "        'is_primary', contact_4.is_primary,",
-              "        'name', entity_6.name,",
               "        'target',",
               "        (SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
               "            'archived', entity_8.archived,",
               "            'city', address_7.city,",
               "            'created_at', entity_8.created_at,",
               "            'id', entity_8.id,",
-              "            'name', entity_8.name,",
               "            'type', entity_8.type",
               "        )",
               "        FROM agreego.address address_7",
@@ -1055,7 +1001,6 @@
               "        'created_at', entity_11.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_11.id,",
               "        'is_primary', contact_9.is_primary,",
-              "        'name', entity_11.name,",
               "        'target', CASE",
               "            WHEN entity_11.target_type = 'address' THEN",
               "                ((SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
@@ -1063,7 +1008,6 @@
               "                     'city', address_16.city,",
               "                     'created_at', entity_17.created_at,",
               "                     'id', entity_17.id,",
-              "                     'name', entity_17.name,",
               "                     'type', entity_17.type",
               "                 )",
               "                 FROM agreego.address address_16",
@@ -1077,7 +1021,6 @@
               "                     'archived', entity_15.archived,",
               "                     'created_at', entity_15.created_at,",
               "                     'id', entity_15.id,",
-              "                     'name', entity_15.name,",
               "                     'type', entity_15.type",
               "                 )",
               "                 FROM agreego.email_address email_address_14",
@@ -1090,7 +1033,6 @@
               "                     'archived', entity_13.archived,",
               "                     'created_at', entity_13.created_at,",
               "                     'id', entity_13.id,",
-              "                     'name', entity_13.name,",
               "                     'number', phone_number_12.number,",
               "                     'type', entity_13.type",
               "                 )",
@@ -1115,14 +1057,12 @@
               "        'created_at', entity_20.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_20.id,",
               "        'is_primary', contact_18.is_primary,",
-              "        'name', entity_20.name,",
               "        'target',",
               "        (SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
               "            'address', email_address_21.address,",
               "            'archived', entity_22.archived,",
               "            'created_at', entity_22.created_at,",
               "            'id', entity_22.id,",
-              "            'name', entity_22.name,",
               "            'type', entity_22.type",
               "        )",
               "        FROM agreego.email_address email_address_21",
@@ -1142,20 +1082,18 @@
               "    'first_name', person_1.first_name,",
               "    'id', entity_3.id,",
               "    'last_name', person_1.last_name,",
-              "    'name', entity_3.name,",
+              "    'name', organization_2.name,",
               "    'phone_numbers',",
               "    (SELECT COALESCE(jsonb_agg(jsonb_build_object(",
               "        'archived', entity_25.archived,",
               "        'created_at', entity_25.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_25.id,",
               "        'is_primary', contact_23.is_primary,",
-              "        'name', entity_25.name,",
               "        'target',",
               "        (SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
               "            'archived', entity_27.archived,",
               "            'created_at', entity_27.created_at,",
               "            'id', entity_27.id,",
-              "            'name', entity_27.name,",
               "            'number', phone_number_26.number,",
               "            'type', entity_27.type",
               "        )",
@@ -1208,8 +1146,10 @@
             "$eq": true,
             "$ne": false
           },
-          "contacts/is_primary": {
+          "contacts": {
-            "$eq": true
+            "is_primary": {
+              "$eq": true
+            }
           },
           "created_at": {
             "$eq": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z",
@@ -1248,8 +1188,12 @@
             "$eq": "%Doe%",
             "$ne": "%Smith%"
           },
-          "phone_numbers/target/number": {
+          "phone_numbers": {
-            "$eq": "555-1234"
+            "target": {
+              "number": {
+                "$eq": "555-1234"
+              }
+            }
           }
         },
         "expect": {
@@ -1263,14 +1207,12 @@
               "        'created_at', entity_6.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_6.id,",
               "        'is_primary', contact_4.is_primary,",
-              "        'name', entity_6.name,",
               "        'target',",
               "        (SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
               "            'archived', entity_8.archived,",
               "            'city', address_7.city,",
               "            'created_at', entity_8.created_at,",
               "            'id', entity_8.id,",
-              "            'name', entity_8.name,",
               "            'type', entity_8.type",
               "        )",
               "        FROM agreego.address address_7",
@@ -1295,7 +1237,6 @@
               "        'created_at', entity_11.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_11.id,",
               "        'is_primary', contact_9.is_primary,",
-              "        'name', entity_11.name,",
               "        'target', CASE",
               "            WHEN entity_11.target_type = 'address' THEN",
               "                ((SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
@@ -1303,7 +1244,6 @@
               "                     'city', address_16.city,",
               "                     'created_at', entity_17.created_at,",
               "                     'id', entity_17.id,",
-              "                     'name', entity_17.name,",
               "                     'type', entity_17.type",
               "                 )",
               "                 FROM agreego.address address_16",
@@ -1317,7 +1257,6 @@
               "                     'archived', entity_15.archived,",
               "                     'created_at', entity_15.created_at,",
               "                     'id', entity_15.id,",
-              "                     'name', entity_15.name,",
               "                     'type', entity_15.type",
               "                 )",
               "                 FROM agreego.email_address email_address_14",
@@ -1330,7 +1269,6 @@
               "                     'archived', entity_13.archived,",
               "                     'created_at', entity_13.created_at,",
               "                     'id', entity_13.id,",
-              "                     'name', entity_13.name,",
               "                     'number', phone_number_12.number,",
               "                     'type', entity_13.type",
               "                 )",
@@ -1356,14 +1294,12 @@
               "        'created_at', entity_20.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_20.id,",
               "        'is_primary', contact_18.is_primary,",
-              "        'name', entity_20.name,",
               "        'target',",
               "        (SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
               "            'address', email_address_21.address,",
               "            'archived', entity_22.archived,",
               "            'created_at', entity_22.created_at,",
               "            'id', entity_22.id,",
-              "            'name', entity_22.name,",
               "            'type', entity_22.type",
               "        )",
               "        FROM agreego.email_address email_address_21",
@@ -1383,20 +1319,18 @@
               "    'first_name', person_1.first_name,",
               "    'id', entity_3.id,",
               "    'last_name', person_1.last_name,",
-              "    'name', entity_3.name,",
+              "    'name', organization_2.name,",
               "    'phone_numbers',",
               "    (SELECT COALESCE(jsonb_agg(jsonb_build_object(",
               "        'archived', entity_25.archived,",
               "        'created_at', entity_25.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_25.id,",
               "        'is_primary', contact_23.is_primary,",
-              "        'name', entity_25.name,",
               "        'target',",
               "        (SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
               "            'archived', entity_27.archived,",
               "            'created_at', entity_27.created_at,",
               "            'id', entity_27.id,",
-              "            'name', entity_27.name,",
               "            'number', phone_number_26.number,",
               "            'type', entity_27.type",
               "        )",
@@ -1469,14 +1403,12 @@
               "    'created_at', entity_3.created_at,",
               "    'id', entity_3.id,",
               "    'is_primary', contact_1.is_primary,",
-              "    'name', entity_3.name,",
               "    'target',",
               "    (SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
               "        'address', email_address_4.address,",
               "        'archived', entity_5.archived,",
               "        'created_at', entity_5.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_5.id,",
-              "        'name', entity_5.name,",
               "        'type', entity_5.type",
               "    )",
               "    FROM agreego.email_address email_address_4",
@@ -1515,7 +1447,7 @@
               "        'first_name', person_3.first_name,",
               "        'id', entity_5.id,",
               "        'last_name', person_3.last_name,",
-              "        'name', entity_5.name,",
+              "        'name', organization_4.name,",
               "        'type', entity_5.type",
               "    )",
               "    FROM agreego.person person_3",
@@ -1531,7 +1463,6 @@
               "        'archived', entity_7.archived,",
               "        'created_at', entity_7.created_at,",
               "        'id', entity_7.id,",
-              "        'name', entity_7.name,",
               "        'order_id', order_line_6.order_id,",
               "        'price', order_line_6.price,",
               "        'product', order_line_6.product,",
@@ -1542,7 +1473,6 @@
               "    WHERE",
               "        NOT entity_7.archived",
               "        AND order_line_6.order_id = order_1.id),",
-              "    'name', entity_2.name,",
               "    'total', order_1.total,",
               "    'type', entity_2.type",
               ")",
@@ -1554,14 +1484,36 @@
         }
       },
       {
-        "description": "Base entity family select on polymorphic tree",
+        "description": "Organization select via a punc response with ref",
         "action": "query",
-        "schema_id": "get_entities.response",
+        "schema_id": "get_organization.response",
         "expect": {
           "success": true,
           "sql": [
             [
               "(SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
+              "    'archived', entity_2.archived,",
+              "    'created_at', entity_2.created_at,",
+              "    'id', entity_2.id,",
+              "    'name', organization_1.name,",
+              "    'type', entity_2.type",
+              ")",
+              "FROM agreego.organization organization_1",
+              "JOIN agreego.entity entity_2 ON entity_2.id = organization_1.id",
+              "WHERE NOT entity_2.archived)"
+            ]
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "description": "Organizations select via a punc response with family",
+        "action": "query",
+        "schema_id": "get_organizations.response",
+        "expect": {
+          "success": true,
+          "sql": [
+            [
+              "(SELECT COALESCE(jsonb_agg(jsonb_build_object(",
               "    'id', organization_1.id,",
               "    'type', CASE",
               "        WHEN organization_1.type = 'bot' THEN",
@@ -1569,7 +1521,7 @@
               "                 'archived', entity_5.archived,",
               "                 'created_at', entity_5.created_at,",
               "                 'id', entity_5.id,",
-              "                 'name', entity_5.name,",
+              "                 'name', organization_4.name,",
               "                 'token', bot_3.token,",
               "                 'type', entity_5.type",
               "             )",
@@ -1582,7 +1534,7 @@
               "                 'archived', entity_7.archived,",
               "                 'created_at', entity_7.created_at,",
               "                 'id', entity_7.id,",
-              "                 'name', entity_7.name,",
+              "                 'name', organization_6.name,",
               "                 'type', entity_7.type",
               "             )",
               "             FROM agreego.organization organization_6",
@@ -1596,7 +1548,7 @@
               "                 'first_name', person_8.first_name,",
               "                 'id', entity_10.id,",
               "                 'last_name', person_8.last_name,",
-              "                 'name', entity_10.name,",
+              "                 'name', organization_9.name,",
               "                 'type', entity_10.type",
               "             )",
               "             FROM agreego.person person_8",
@@ -1604,7 +1556,7 @@
               "             JOIN agreego.entity entity_10 ON entity_10.id = organization_9.id",
               "             WHERE NOT entity_10.archived))",
               "        ELSE NULL END",
-              ")",
+              ")), '[]'::jsonb)",
               "FROM agreego.organization organization_1",
               "JOIN agreego.entity entity_2 ON entity_2.id = organization_1.id",
               "WHERE NOT entity_2.archived)"
@@ -1613,7 +1565,33 @@
         }
       },
       {
-        "description": "Root Array SQL evaluation for Order fetching Light Order",
+        "description": "Person select via a punc response with family",
+        "action": "query",
+        "schema_id": "get_person.response",
+        "expect": {
+          "success": true,
+          "sql": [
+            [
+              "(SELECT jsonb_build_object(",
+              "    'age', person_1.age,",
+              "    'archived', entity_3.archived,",
+              "    'created_at', entity_3.created_at,",
+              "    'first_name', person_1.first_name,",
+              "    'id', entity_3.id,",
+              "    'last_name', person_1.last_name,",
+              "    'name', organization_2.name,",
+              "    'type', entity_3.type",
+              ")",
+              "FROM agreego.person person_1",
+              "JOIN agreego.organization organization_2 ON organization_2.id = person_1.id",
+              "JOIN agreego.entity entity_3 ON entity_3.id = organization_2.id",
+              "WHERE NOT entity_3.archived)"
+            ]
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "description": "Orders select via a punc with items",
         "action": "query",
         "schema_id": "get_orders.response",
         "expect": {
@@ -1631,7 +1609,7 @@
               "        'first_name', person_3.first_name,",
               "        'id', entity_5.id,",
               "        'last_name', person_3.last_name,",
-              "        'name', entity_5.name,",
+              "        'name', organization_4.name,",
               "        'type', entity_5.type",
               "    )",
               "    FROM agreego.person person_3",
@@ -1642,7 +1620,6 @@
               "        AND order_1.customer_id = person_3.id),",
               "    'customer_id', order_1.customer_id,",
               "    'id', entity_2.id,",
-              "    'name', entity_2.name,",
               "    'total', order_1.total,",
               "    'type', entity_2.type",
               ")), '[]'::jsonb)",

fixtures/ref.json

@@ -676,8 +676,8 @@
           "success": false,
           "errors": [
             {
-              "code": "TYPE_MISMATCH",
+              "code": "CONST_VIOLATED",
-              "path": "type"
+              "details": { "path": "type" }
             }
           ]
         }
@@ -781,8 +781,8 @@
           "success": false,
           "errors": [
             {
-              "code": "TYPE_MISMATCH",
+              "code": "CONST_VIOLATED",
-              "path": "type"
+              "details": { "path": "type" }
             }
           ]
         }

src/database/executors/mock.rs

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ impl MockExecutor {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 impl DatabaseExecutor for MockExecutor {
-  fn query(&self, sql: &str, _args: Option<&[Value]>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+  fn query(&self, sql: &str, _args: Option<Vec<Value>>) -> Result<Value, String> {
-    println!("DEBUG SQL QUERY: {}", sql);
+    println!("JSPG_SQL: {}", sql);
     MOCK_STATE.with(|state| {
       let mut s = state.borrow_mut();
       s.captured_queries.push(sql.to_string());
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ impl DatabaseExecutor for MockExecutor {
     })
   }
 
-  fn execute(&self, sql: &str, _args: Option<&[Value]>) -> Result<(), String> {
+  fn execute(&self, sql: &str, _args: Option<Vec<Value>>) -> Result<(), String> {
-    println!("DEBUG SQL EXECUTE: {}", sql);
+    println!("JSPG_SQL: {}", sql);
     MOCK_STATE.with(|state| {
       let mut s = state.borrow_mut();
       s.captured_queries.push(sql.to_string());
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ fn parse_and_match_mocks(sql: &str, mocks: &[Value]) -> Option<Vec<Value>> {
               .unwrap_or("")
               .trim_matches('"');
             let right = part[eq_idx + 1..].trim().trim_matches('\'');
-            
+
             let mock_val_str = match mock_obj.get(left) {
               Some(Value::String(s)) => s.clone(),
               Some(Value::Number(n)) => n.to_string(),
@@ -189,12 +189,12 @@ fn parse_and_match_mocks(sql: &str, mocks: &[Value]) -> Option<Vec<Value>> {
               .last()
               .unwrap_or("")
               .trim_matches('"');
-            
+
             let mock_val_str = match mock_obj.get(left) {
               Some(Value::Null) => "null".to_string(),
               _ => "".to_string(),
             };
-            
+
             if mock_val_str != "null" {
               branch_matches = false;
               break;

src/database/executors/mod.rs

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 /// without a live Postgres SPI connection.
 pub trait DatabaseExecutor: Send + Sync {
   /// Executes a query expecting a single JSONB return, representing rows.
-  fn query(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<&[Value]>) -> Result<Value, String>;
+  fn query(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<Vec<Value>>) -> Result<Value, String>;
 
   /// Executes an operation (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or pg_notify) that does not return rows.
-  fn execute(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<&[Value]>) -> Result<(), String>;
+  fn execute(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<Vec<Value>>) -> Result<(), String>;
 
   /// Returns the current authenticated user's ID
   fn auth_user_id(&self) -> Result<String, String>;

src/database/executors/pgrx.rs

@@ -67,15 +67,11 @@ impl SpiExecutor {
 }
 
 impl DatabaseExecutor for SpiExecutor {
-  fn query(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<&[Value]>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+  fn query(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<Vec<Value>>) -> Result<Value, String> {
-    let mut json_args = Vec::new();
     let mut args_with_oid: Vec<pgrx::datum::DatumWithOid> = Vec::new();
     if let Some(params) = args {
       for val in params {
-        json_args.push(pgrx::JsonB(val.clone()));
+        args_with_oid.push(pgrx::datum::DatumWithOid::from(pgrx::JsonB(val)));
-      }
-      for j_val in json_args.into_iter() {
-        args_with_oid.push(pgrx::datum::DatumWithOid::from(j_val));
       }
     }
 
@@ -98,15 +94,11 @@ impl DatabaseExecutor for SpiExecutor {
     })
   }
 
-  fn execute(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<&[Value]>) -> Result<(), String> {
+  fn execute(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<Vec<Value>>) -> Result<(), String> {
-    let mut json_args = Vec::new();
     let mut args_with_oid: Vec<pgrx::datum::DatumWithOid> = Vec::new();
     if let Some(params) = args {
       for val in params {
-        json_args.push(pgrx::JsonB(val.clone()));
+        args_with_oid.push(pgrx::datum::DatumWithOid::from(pgrx::JsonB(val)));
-      }
-      for j_val in json_args.into_iter() {
-        args_with_oid.push(pgrx::datum::DatumWithOid::from(j_val));
       }
     }
 

src/database/mod.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct Database {
 }
 
 impl Database {
-  pub fn new(val: &serde_json::Value) -> Result<Self, crate::drop::Drop> {
+  pub fn new(val: &serde_json::Value) -> (Self, crate::drop::Drop) {
     let mut db = Self {
       enums: HashMap::new(),
       types: HashMap::new(),
@@ -53,18 +53,38 @@ impl Database {
       executor: Box::new(MockExecutor::new()),
     };
 
+    let mut errors = Vec::new();
+
     if let Some(arr) = val.get("enums").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
       for item in arr {
-        if let Ok(def) = serde_json::from_value::<Enum>(item.clone()) {
+        match serde_json::from_value::<Enum>(item.clone()) {
-          db.enums.insert(def.name.clone(), def);
+          Ok(def) => {
+            db.enums.insert(def.name.clone(), def);
+          }
+          Err(e) => {
+            errors.push(crate::drop::Error {
+              code: "DATABASE_ENUM_PARSE_FAILED".to_string(),
+              message: format!("Failed to parse database enum: {}", e),
+              details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails::default(),
+            });
+          }
         }
       }
     }
 
     if let Some(arr) = val.get("types").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
       for item in arr {
-        if let Ok(def) = serde_json::from_value::<Type>(item.clone()) {
+        match serde_json::from_value::<Type>(item.clone()) {
-          db.types.insert(def.name.clone(), def);
+          Ok(def) => {
+            db.types.insert(def.name.clone(), def);
+          }
+          Err(e) => {
+            errors.push(crate::drop::Error {
+              code: "DATABASE_TYPE_PARSE_FAILED".to_string(),
+              message: format!("Failed to parse database type: {}", e),
+              details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails::default(),
+            });
+          }
         }
       }
     }
@@ -80,16 +100,11 @@ impl Database {
             }
           }
           Err(e) => {
-            return Err(crate::drop::Drop::with_errors(vec![crate::drop::Error {
+            errors.push(crate::drop::Error {
               code: "DATABASE_RELATION_PARSE_FAILED".to_string(),
               message: format!("Failed to parse database relation: {}", e),
-              details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails {
+              details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails::default(),
-                path: "".to_string(),
+            });
-                cause: None,
-                context: None,
-                schema: None,
-              },
-            }]));
           }
         }
       }
@@ -97,28 +112,51 @@ impl Database {
 
     if let Some(arr) = val.get("puncs").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
       for item in arr {
-        if let Ok(def) = serde_json::from_value::<Punc>(item.clone()) {
+        match serde_json::from_value::<Punc>(item.clone()) {
-          db.puncs.insert(def.name.clone(), def);
+          Ok(def) => {
+            db.puncs.insert(def.name.clone(), def);
+          }
+          Err(e) => {
+            errors.push(crate::drop::Error {
+              code: "DATABASE_PUNC_PARSE_FAILED".to_string(),
+              message: format!("Failed to parse database punc: {}", e),
+              details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails::default(),
+            });
+          }
         }
       }
     }
 
     if let Some(arr) = val.get("schemas").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
       for (i, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
-        if let Ok(mut schema) = serde_json::from_value::<Schema>(item.clone()) {
+        match serde_json::from_value::<Schema>(item.clone()) {
-          let id = schema
+          Ok(mut schema) => {
-            .obj
+            let id = schema
-            .id
+              .obj
-            .clone()
+              .id
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("schema_{}", i));
+              .clone()
-          schema.obj.id = Some(id.clone());
+              .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("schema_{}", i));
-          db.schemas.insert(id, schema);
+            schema.obj.id = Some(id.clone());
+            db.schemas.insert(id, schema);
+          }
+          Err(e) => {
+            errors.push(crate::drop::Error {
+              code: "DATABASE_SCHEMA_PARSE_FAILED".to_string(),
+              message: format!("Failed to parse database schema: {}", e),
+              details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails::default(),
+            });
+          }
         }
       }
     }
 
-    db.compile()?;
+    db.compile(&mut errors);
-    Ok(db)
+    let drop = if errors.is_empty() {
+      crate::drop::Drop::success()
+    } else {
+      crate::drop::Drop::with_errors(errors)
+    };
+    (db, drop)
   }
 
   /// Override the default executor for unit testing
@@ -128,12 +166,12 @@ impl Database {
   }
 
   /// Executes a query expecting a single JSONB array return, representing rows.
-  pub fn query(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<&[Value]>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+  pub fn query(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<Vec<Value>>) -> Result<Value, String> {
     self.executor.query(sql, args)
   }
 
   /// Executes an operation (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or pg_notify) that does not return rows.
-  pub fn execute(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<&[Value]>) -> Result<(), String> {
+  pub fn execute(&self, sql: &str, args: Option<Vec<Value>>) -> Result<(), String> {
     self.executor.execute(sql, args)
   }
 
@@ -147,68 +185,48 @@ impl Database {
     self.executor.timestamp()
   }
 
-  pub fn compile(&mut self) -> Result<(), crate::drop::Drop> {
+  pub fn compile(&mut self, errors: &mut Vec<crate::drop::Error>) {
     let mut harvested = Vec::new();
     for schema in self.schemas.values_mut() {
-      if let Err(msg) = schema.collect_schemas(None, &mut harvested) {
+      schema.collect_schemas(None, &mut harvested, errors);
-        return Err(crate::drop::Drop::with_errors(vec![crate::drop::Error {
-          code: "SCHEMA_VALIDATION_FAILED".to_string(),
-          message: msg,
-          details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails { path: "".to_string(), cause: None, context: None, schema: None },
-        }]));
-      }
     }
     self.schemas.extend(harvested);
 
-    if let Err(msg) = self.collect_schemas() {
+    self.collect_schemas(errors);
-      return Err(crate::drop::Drop::with_errors(vec![crate::drop::Error {
-        code: "SCHEMA_VALIDATION_FAILED".to_string(),
-        message: msg,
-        details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails {
-          path: "".to_string(),
-          cause: None,
-          context: None,
-          schema: None,
-        },
-      }]));
-    }
     self.collect_depths();
     self.collect_descendants();
 
     // Mathematically evaluate all property inheritances, formats, schemas, and foreign key edges topographically over OnceLocks
     let mut visited = std::collections::HashSet::new();
     for schema in self.schemas.values() {
-      schema.compile(self, &mut visited);
+      schema.compile(self, &mut visited, errors);
     }
-
-    Ok(())
   }
 
-  fn collect_schemas(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
+  fn collect_schemas(&mut self, errors: &mut Vec<crate::drop::Error>) {
     let mut to_insert = Vec::new();
 
     // Pass 1: Extract all Schemas structurally off top level definitions into the master registry.
     // Validate every node recursively via string filters natively!
     for type_def in self.types.values() {
       for mut schema in type_def.schemas.clone() {
-        schema.collect_schemas(None, &mut to_insert)?;
+        schema.collect_schemas(None, &mut to_insert, errors);
       }
     }
     for punc_def in self.puncs.values() {
       for mut schema in punc_def.schemas.clone() {
-        schema.collect_schemas(None, &mut to_insert)?;
+        schema.collect_schemas(None, &mut to_insert, errors);
       }
     }
     for enum_def in self.enums.values() {
       for mut schema in enum_def.schemas.clone() {
-        schema.collect_schemas(None, &mut to_insert)?;
+        schema.collect_schemas(None, &mut to_insert, errors);
       }
     }
 
     for (id, schema) in to_insert {
       self.schemas.insert(id, schema);
     }
-    Ok(())
   }
 
   fn collect_depths(&mut self) {
@@ -247,19 +265,15 @@ impl Database {
       }
     }
 
-    // Cache generic descendants for $family runtime lookups
+    // Cache exhaustive descendants matrix for generic $family string lookups natively
     let mut descendants = HashMap::new();
-    for (id, schema) in &self.schemas {
+    for id in self.schemas.keys() {
-      if let Some(family_target) = &schema.obj.family {
+      let mut desc_set = HashSet::new();
-        let mut desc_set = HashSet::new();
+      Self::collect_descendants_recursively(id, &direct_refs, &mut desc_set);
-        Self::collect_descendants_recursively(family_target, &direct_refs, &mut desc_set);
+      let mut desc_vec: Vec<String> = desc_set.into_iter().collect();
-        let mut desc_vec: Vec<String> = desc_set.into_iter().collect();
+      desc_vec.sort();
-        desc_vec.sort();
 
-        // By placing all descendants directly onto the ID mapped location of the Family declaration,
+      descendants.insert(id.clone(), desc_vec);
-        // we can lookup descendants natively in ValidationContext without AST replacement overrides.
-        descendants.insert(id.clone(), desc_vec);
-      }
     }
     self.descendants = descendants;
   }

src/database/schema.rs

@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ impl Schema {
     &self,
     db: &crate::database::Database,
     visited: &mut std::collections::HashSet<String>,
+    errors: &mut Vec<crate::drop::Error>,
   ) {
     if self.obj.compiled_properties.get().is_some() {
       return;
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ impl Schema {
     // 1. Resolve INHERITANCE dependencies first
     if let Some(ref_id) = &self.obj.r#ref {
       if let Some(parent) = db.schemas.get(ref_id) {
-        parent.compile(db, visited);
+        parent.compile(db, visited, errors);
         if let Some(p_props) = parent.obj.compiled_properties.get() {
           props.extend(p_props.clone());
         }
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ impl Schema {
 
     if let Some(all_of) = &self.obj.all_of {
       for ao in all_of {
-        ao.compile(db, visited);
+        ao.compile(db, visited, errors);
         if let Some(ao_props) = ao.obj.compiled_properties.get() {
           props.extend(ao_props.clone());
         }
@@ -318,14 +319,14 @@ impl Schema {
     }
 
     if let Some(then_schema) = &self.obj.then_ {
-      then_schema.compile(db, visited);
+      then_schema.compile(db, visited, errors);
       if let Some(t_props) = then_schema.obj.compiled_properties.get() {
         props.extend(t_props.clone());
       }
     }
 
     if let Some(else_schema) = &self.obj.else_ {
-      else_schema.compile(db, visited);
+      else_schema.compile(db, visited, errors);
       if let Some(e_props) = else_schema.obj.compiled_properties.get() {
         props.extend(e_props.clone());
       }
@@ -345,47 +346,47 @@ impl Schema {
     let _ = self.obj.compiled_property_names.set(names);
 
     // 4. Compute Edges natively
-    let schema_edges = self.compile_edges(db, visited, &props);
+    let schema_edges = self.compile_edges(db, visited, &props, errors);
     let _ = self.obj.compiled_edges.set(schema_edges);
 
     // 5. Build our inline children properties recursively NOW! (Depth-first search)
     if let Some(local_props) = &self.obj.properties {
       for child in local_props.values() {
-        child.compile(db, visited);
+        child.compile(db, visited, errors);
       }
     }
     if let Some(items) = &self.obj.items {
-      items.compile(db, visited);
+      items.compile(db, visited, errors);
     }
     if let Some(pattern_props) = &self.obj.pattern_properties {
       for child in pattern_props.values() {
-        child.compile(db, visited);
+        child.compile(db, visited, errors);
       }
     }
     if let Some(additional_props) = &self.obj.additional_properties {
-      additional_props.compile(db, visited);
+      additional_props.compile(db, visited, errors);
     }
     if let Some(one_of) = &self.obj.one_of {
       for child in one_of {
-        child.compile(db, visited);
+        child.compile(db, visited, errors);
       }
     }
     if let Some(arr) = &self.obj.prefix_items {
       for child in arr {
-        child.compile(db, visited);
+        child.compile(db, visited, errors);
       }
     }
     if let Some(child) = &self.obj.not {
-      child.compile(db, visited);
+      child.compile(db, visited, errors);
     }
     if let Some(child) = &self.obj.contains {
-      child.compile(db, visited);
+      child.compile(db, visited, errors);
     }
     if let Some(child) = &self.obj.property_names {
-      child.compile(db, visited);
+      child.compile(db, visited, errors);
     }
     if let Some(child) = &self.obj.if_ {
-      child.compile(db, visited);
+      child.compile(db, visited, errors);
     }
 
     if let Some(id) = &self.obj.id {
@@ -394,30 +395,38 @@ impl Schema {
   }
 
   #[allow(unused_variables)]
-  fn validate_identifier(id: &str, field_name: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+  fn validate_identifier(id: &str, field_name: &str, errors: &mut Vec<crate::drop::Error>) {
     #[cfg(not(test))]
     for c in id.chars() {
       if !c.is_ascii_lowercase() && !c.is_ascii_digit() && c != '_' && c != '.' {
-        return Err(format!("Invalid character '{}' in JSON Schema '{}' property: '{}'. Identifiers must exclusively contain [a-z0-9_.]", c, field_name, id));
+        errors.push(crate::drop::Error {
+          code: "INVALID_IDENTIFIER".to_string(),
+          message: format!(
+            "Invalid character '{}' in JSON Schema '{}' property: '{}'. Identifiers must exclusively contain [a-z0-9_.]",
+            c, field_name, id
+          ),
+          details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails::default(),
+        });
+        return;
       }
     }
-    Ok(())
   }
 
   pub fn collect_schemas(
     &mut self,
     tracking_path: Option<String>,
     to_insert: &mut Vec<(String, Schema)>,
-  ) -> Result<(), String> {
+    errors: &mut Vec<crate::drop::Error>,
+  ) {
     if let Some(id) = &self.obj.id {
-      Self::validate_identifier(id, "$id")?;
+      Self::validate_identifier(id, "$id", errors);
       to_insert.push((id.clone(), self.clone()));
     }
     if let Some(r#ref) = &self.obj.r#ref {
-      Self::validate_identifier(r#ref, "$ref")?;
+      Self::validate_identifier(r#ref, "$ref", errors);
     }
     if let Some(family) = &self.obj.family {
-      Self::validate_identifier(family, "$family")?;
+      Self::validate_identifier(family, "$family", errors);
     }
 
     // Is this schema an inline ad-hoc composition?
@@ -431,20 +440,20 @@ impl Schema {
     // Provide the path origin to children natively, prioritizing the explicit `$id` boundary if one exists
     let origin_path = self.obj.id.clone().or(tracking_path);
 
-    self.collect_child_schemas(origin_path, to_insert)?;
+    self.collect_child_schemas(origin_path, to_insert, errors);
-    Ok(())
   }
 
   pub fn collect_child_schemas(
     &mut self,
     origin_path: Option<String>,
     to_insert: &mut Vec<(String, Schema)>,
-  ) -> Result<(), String> {
+    errors: &mut Vec<crate::drop::Error>,
+  ) {
     if let Some(props) = &mut self.obj.properties {
       for (k, v) in props.iter_mut() {
         let mut inner = (**v).clone();
         let next_path = origin_path.as_ref().map(|o| format!("{}/{}", o, k));
-        inner.collect_schemas(next_path, to_insert)?;
+        inner.collect_schemas(next_path, to_insert, errors);
         *v = Arc::new(inner);
       }
     }
@@ -453,80 +462,102 @@ impl Schema {
       for (k, v) in pattern_props.iter_mut() {
         let mut inner = (**v).clone();
         let next_path = origin_path.as_ref().map(|o| format!("{}/{}", o, k));
-        inner.collect_schemas(next_path, to_insert)?;
+        inner.collect_schemas(next_path, to_insert, errors);
         *v = Arc::new(inner);
       }
     }
 
-    let mut map_arr = |arr: &mut Vec<Arc<Schema>>| -> Result<(), String> {
+    let mut map_arr = |arr: &mut Vec<Arc<Schema>>| {
       for v in arr.iter_mut() {
         let mut inner = (**v).clone();
-        inner.collect_schemas(origin_path.clone(), to_insert)?;
+        inner.collect_schemas(origin_path.clone(), to_insert, errors);
         *v = Arc::new(inner);
       }
-      Ok(())
     };
 
-    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.prefix_items { map_arr(arr)?; }
+    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.prefix_items {
-    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.all_of { map_arr(arr)?; }
+      map_arr(arr);
-    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.one_of { map_arr(arr)?; }
+    }
+    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.all_of {
+      map_arr(arr);
+    }
+    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.one_of {
+      map_arr(arr);
+    }
 
-    let mut map_opt = |opt: &mut Option<Arc<Schema>>, pass_path: bool| -> Result<(), String> {
+    let mut map_opt = |opt: &mut Option<Arc<Schema>>, pass_path: bool| {
       if let Some(v) = opt {
         let mut inner = (**v).clone();
         let next = if pass_path { origin_path.clone() } else { None };
-        inner.collect_schemas(next, to_insert)?;
+        inner.collect_schemas(next, to_insert, errors);
         *v = Arc::new(inner);
       }
-      Ok(())
     };
 
-    map_opt(&mut self.obj.additional_properties, false)?;
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.additional_properties, false);
-    
+
     // `items` absolutely must inherit the EXACT property path assigned to the Array wrapper!
     // This allows nested Arrays enclosing bare Entity structs to correctly register as the boundary mapping.
-    map_opt(&mut self.obj.items, true)?;
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.items, true);
-    
-    map_opt(&mut self.obj.not, false)?;
-    map_opt(&mut self.obj.contains, false)?;
-    map_opt(&mut self.obj.property_names, false)?;
-    map_opt(&mut self.obj.if_, false)?;
-    map_opt(&mut self.obj.then_, false)?;
-    map_opt(&mut self.obj.else_, false)?;
 
-    Ok(())
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.not, false);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.contains, false);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.property_names, false);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.if_, false);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.then_, false);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.else_, false);
   }
 
+  /// Dynamically infers and compiles all structural database relationships between this Schema
+  /// and its nested children. This functions recursively traverses the JSON Schema abstract syntax
+  /// tree, identifies physical PostgreSQL table boundaries, and locks the resulting relation
+  /// constraint paths directly onto the `compiled_edges` map in O(1) memory.
   pub fn compile_edges(
     &self,
     db: &crate::database::Database,
     visited: &mut std::collections::HashSet<String>,
     props: &std::collections::BTreeMap<String, std::sync::Arc<Schema>>,
+    errors: &mut Vec<crate::drop::Error>,
   ) -> std::collections::BTreeMap<String, crate::database::edge::Edge> {
     let mut schema_edges = std::collections::BTreeMap::new();
+
+    // Determine the physical Database Table Name this schema structurally represents
+    // Plucks the polymorphic discriminator via dot-notation (e.g. extracting "person" from "full.person")
     let mut parent_type_name = None;
     if let Some(family) = &self.obj.family {
       parent_type_name = Some(family.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or(family).to_string());
     } else if let Some(identifier) = self.obj.identifier() {
-      parent_type_name = Some(identifier.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or(&identifier).to_string());
+      parent_type_name = Some(
+        identifier
+          .split('.')
+          .next_back()
+          .unwrap_or(&identifier)
+          .to_string(),
+      );
     }
 
     if let Some(p_type) = parent_type_name {
+      // Proceed only if the resolved table physically exists within the Postgres Type hierarchy
       if db.types.contains_key(&p_type) {
+        // Iterate over all discovered schema boundaries mapped inside the object
         for (prop_name, prop_schema) in props {
           let mut child_type_name = None;
           let mut target_schema = prop_schema.clone();
+          let mut is_array = false;
 
+          // Structurally unpack the inner target entity if the object maps to an array list
           if let Some(crate::database::schema::SchemaTypeOrArray::Single(t)) =
             &prop_schema.obj.type_
           {
             if t == "array" {
+              is_array = true;
               if let Some(items) = &prop_schema.obj.items {
                 target_schema = items.clone();
               }
             }
           }
 
+          // Determine the physical Postgres table backing the nested child schema recursively
           if let Some(family) = &target_schema.obj.family {
             child_type_name = Some(family.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or(family).to_string());
           } else if let Some(ref_id) = target_schema.obj.identifier() {
@@ -534,20 +565,33 @@ impl Schema {
           } else if let Some(arr) = &target_schema.obj.one_of {
             if let Some(first) = arr.first() {
               if let Some(ref_id) = first.obj.identifier() {
-                child_type_name = Some(ref_id.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or(&ref_id).to_string());
+                child_type_name =
+                  Some(ref_id.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or(&ref_id).to_string());
               }
             }
           }
 
           if let Some(c_type) = child_type_name {
             if db.types.contains_key(&c_type) {
-              target_schema.compile(db, visited);
+              // Ensure the child Schema's AST has accurately compiled its own physical property keys so we can
+              // inject them securely for Many-to-Many Twin Deduction disambiguation matching.
+              target_schema.compile(db, visited, errors);
               if let Some(compiled_target_props) = target_schema.obj.compiled_properties.get() {
                 let keys_for_ambiguity: Vec<String> =
                   compiled_target_props.keys().cloned().collect();
-                if let Some((relation, is_forward)) =
+
-                  resolve_relation(db, &p_type, &c_type, prop_name, Some(&keys_for_ambiguity))
+                // Interrogate the Database catalog graph to discover the exact Foreign Key Constraint connecting the components
-                {
+                if let Some((relation, is_forward)) = resolve_relation(
+                  db,
+                  &p_type,
+                  &c_type,
+                  prop_name,
+                  Some(&keys_for_ambiguity),
+                  is_array,
+                  self.id.as_deref(),
+                  &format!("/{}", prop_name),
+                  errors,
+                ) {
                   schema_edges.insert(
                     prop_name.clone(),
                     crate::database::edge::Edge {
@@ -566,15 +610,22 @@ impl Schema {
   }
 }
 
+/// Inspects the Postgres pg_constraint relations catalog to securely identify
+/// the precise Foreign Key connecting a parent and child hierarchy path.
 pub(crate) fn resolve_relation<'a>(
   db: &'a crate::database::Database,
   parent_type: &str,
   child_type: &str,
   prop_name: &str,
   relative_keys: Option<&Vec<String>>,
+  is_array: bool,
+  schema_id: Option<&str>,
+  path: &str,
+  errors: &mut Vec<crate::drop::Error>,
 ) -> Option<(&'a crate::database::relation::Relation, bool)> {
+  // Enforce graph locality by ensuring we don't accidentally crawl to pure structural entity boundaries
   if parent_type == "entity" && child_type == "entity" {
-    return None; 
+    return None;
   }
 
   let p_def = db.types.get(parent_type)?;
@@ -583,11 +634,25 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_relation<'a>(
   let mut matching_rels = Vec::new();
   let mut directions = Vec::new();
 
-  for rel in db.relations.values() {
+  // Scour the complete catalog for any Edge matching the inheritance scope of the two objects
-    let is_forward = p_def.hierarchy.contains(&rel.source_type)
+  // This automatically binds polymorphic structures (e.g. recognizing a relationship targeting User
-      && c_def.hierarchy.contains(&rel.destination_type);
+  // also natively binds instances specifically typed as Person).
-    let is_reverse = p_def.hierarchy.contains(&rel.destination_type)
+  let mut all_rels: Vec<&crate::database::relation::Relation> = db.relations.values().collect();
-      && c_def.hierarchy.contains(&rel.source_type);
+  all_rels.sort_by(|a, b| a.constraint.cmp(&b.constraint));
+
+  for rel in all_rels {
+    let mut is_forward =
+      p_def.hierarchy.contains(&rel.source_type) && c_def.hierarchy.contains(&rel.destination_type);
+    let is_reverse =
+      p_def.hierarchy.contains(&rel.destination_type) && c_def.hierarchy.contains(&rel.source_type);
+
+    // Structural Cardinality Filtration:
+    // If the schema requires a collection (Array), it is mathematically impossible for a pure
+    // Forward scalar edge (where the parent holds exactly one UUID pointer) to fulfill a One-to-Many request.
+    // Thus, if it's an array, we fully reject pure Forward edges and only accept Reverse edges (or Junction edges).
+    if is_array && is_forward && !is_reverse {
+      is_forward = false;
+    }
 
     if is_forward {
       matching_rels.push(rel);
@@ -598,10 +663,28 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_relation<'a>(
     }
   }
 
+  // Abort relation discovery early if no hierarchical inheritance match was found
   if matching_rels.is_empty() {
+    let mut details = crate::drop::ErrorDetails {
+      path: path.to_string(),
+      ..Default::default()
+    };
+    if let Some(sid) = schema_id {
+      details.schema = Some(sid.to_string());
+    }
+
+    errors.push(crate::drop::Error {
+      code: "EDGE_MISSING".to_string(),
+      message: format!(
+        "No database relation exists between '{}' and '{}' for property '{}'",
+        parent_type, child_type, prop_name
+      ),
+      details,
+    });
     return None;
   }
 
+  // Ideal State: The objects only share a solitary structural relation, resolving ambiguity instantly.
   if matching_rels.len() == 1 {
     return Some((matching_rels[0], directions[0]));
   }
@@ -609,6 +692,8 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_relation<'a>(
   let mut chosen_idx = 0;
   let mut resolved = false;
 
+  // Exact Prefix Disambiguation: Determine if the database specifically names this constraint
+  // directly mapping to the JSON Schema property name (e.g., `fk_{child}_{property_name}`)
   for (i, rel) in matching_rels.iter().enumerate() {
     if let Some(prefix) = &rel.prefix {
       if prop_name.starts_with(prefix)
@@ -622,9 +707,11 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_relation<'a>(
     }
   }
 
+  // Complex Subgraph Resolution: The database contains multiple equally explicit foreign key constraints
+  // linking these objects (such as pointing to `source` and `target` in Many-to-Many junction models).
   if !resolved && relative_keys.is_some() {
-    // 1. M:M Disambiguation: The child schema explicitly defines an outbound property
+    // Twin Deduction Pass 1: We inspect the exact properties structurally defined inside the compiled payload
-    // matching one of the relational prefixes (e.g. "target"). We first identify that consumed relation.
+    // to observe which explicit relation arrow the child payload natively consumes.
     let keys = relative_keys.unwrap();
     let mut consumed_rel_idx = None;
     for (i, rel) in matching_rels.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -636,7 +723,8 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_relation<'a>(
       }
     }
 
-    // Then, we find its exact Twin on the same junction boundary that provides the reverse ownership.
+    // Twin Deduction Pass 2: Knowing which arrow points outbound, we can mathematically deduce its twin
+    // providing the reverse ownership on the same junction boundary must be the incoming Edge to the parent.
     if let Some(used_idx) = consumed_rel_idx {
       let used_rel = matching_rels[used_idx];
       let mut twin_ids = Vec::new();
@@ -657,8 +745,9 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_relation<'a>(
     }
   }
 
+  // Implicit Base Fallback: If no complex explicit paths resolve, but exactly one relation
+  // sits entirely naked (without a constraint prefix), it must be the core structural parent ownership.
   if !resolved {
-    // 2. Base 1:M Fallback. If there's EXACTLY ONE relation with a null prefix, it's the base structural edge.
     let mut null_prefix_ids = Vec::new();
     for (i, rel) in matching_rels.iter().enumerate() {
       if rel.prefix.is_none() {
@@ -667,10 +756,33 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_relation<'a>(
     }
     if null_prefix_ids.len() == 1 {
       chosen_idx = null_prefix_ids[0];
-      // resolved = true;
+      resolved = true;
     }
   }
 
+  // If we exhausted all mathematical deduction pathways and STILL cannot isolate a single edge,
+  // we must abort rather than silently guessing. Returning None prevents arbitrary SQL generation
+  // and forces a clean structural error for the architect.
+  if !resolved {
+    let mut details = crate::drop::ErrorDetails {
+      path: path.to_string(),
+      ..Default::default()
+    };
+    if let Some(sid) = schema_id {
+      details.schema = Some(sid.to_string());
+    }
+
+    errors.push(crate::drop::Error {
+      code: "AMBIGUOUS_TYPE_RELATIONS".to_string(),
+      message: format!(
+        "Ambiguous database relation between '{}' and '{}' for property '{}'",
+        parent_type, child_type, prop_name
+      ),
+      details,
+    });
+    return None;
+  }
+
   Some((matching_rels[chosen_idx], directions[chosen_idx]))
 }
 

src/drop.rs

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pub struct Error {
   pub details: ErrorDetails,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct ErrorDetails {
   pub path: String,
   #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]

src/jspg.rs

@@ -12,18 +12,21 @@ pub struct Jspg {
 }
 
 impl Jspg {
-  pub fn new(database_val: &serde_json::Value) -> Result<Self, crate::drop::Drop> {
+  pub fn new(database_val: &serde_json::Value) -> (Self, crate::drop::Drop) {
-    let database_instance = Database::new(database_val)?;
+    let (database_instance, drop) = Database::new(database_val);
     let database = Arc::new(database_instance);
     let validator = Validator::new(database.clone());
     let queryer = Queryer::new(database.clone());
     let merger = Merger::new(database.clone());
 
-    Ok(Self {
+    (
-      database,
+      Self {
-      validator,
+        database,
-      queryer,
+        validator,
-      merger,
+        queryer,
-    })
+        merger,
+      },
+      drop,
+    )
   }
 }

src/lib.rs

@@ -42,21 +42,16 @@ fn jspg_failure() -> JsonB {
 
 #[cfg_attr(not(test), pg_extern(strict))]
 pub fn jspg_setup(database: JsonB) -> JsonB {
-  match crate::jspg::Jspg::new(&database.0) {
+  let (new_jspg, drop) = crate::jspg::Jspg::new(&database.0);
-    Ok(new_jspg) => {
+  let new_arc = Arc::new(new_jspg);
-      let new_arc = Arc::new(new_jspg);
 
-      // 3. ATOMIC SWAP
+  // 3. ATOMIC SWAP
-      {
+  {
-        let mut lock = GLOBAL_JSPG.write().unwrap();
+    let mut lock = GLOBAL_JSPG.write().unwrap();
-        *lock = Some(new_arc);
+    *lock = Some(new_arc);
-      }
-
-      let drop = crate::drop::Drop::success();
-      JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
-    }
-    Err(drop) => JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap()),
   }
+
+  JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
 }
 
 #[cfg_attr(not(test), pg_extern)]

src/merger/mod.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Merger {
       }
     };
 
-    let result = self.merge_internal(target_schema, data.clone(), &mut notifications_queue);
+    let result = self.merge_internal(target_schema, data, &mut notifications_queue);
 
     let val_resolved = match result {
       Ok(val) => val,
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ impl Merger {
           details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails {
             path: "".to_string(),
             cause: final_cause,
-            context: Some(data),
+            context: None,
             schema: None,
           },
         }]);
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ impl Merger {
 
     if !type_def.relationship {
       let (fields, kind, fetched, replaces) =
-        self.stage_entity(entity_fields.clone(), type_def, &user_id, &timestamp)?;
+        self.stage_entity(entity_fields, type_def, &user_id, &timestamp)?;
       entity_fields = fields;
       entity_change_kind = kind;
       entity_fetched = fetched;
@@ -259,13 +259,7 @@ impl Merger {
       };
 
       if let Some(compiled_edges) = schema.obj.compiled_edges.get() {
-        println!(
-          "Compiled Edges keys for relation {}: {:?}",
-          relation_name,
-          compiled_edges.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        );
         if let Some(edge) = compiled_edges.get(&relation_name) {
-          println!("FOUND EDGE {} -> {:?}", relation_name, edge.constraint);
           if let Some(relation) = self.db.relations.get(&edge.constraint) {
             let parent_is_source = edge.forward;
 
@@ -326,7 +320,7 @@ impl Merger {
 
     if type_def.relationship {
       let (fields, kind, fetched, replaces) =
-        self.stage_entity(entity_fields.clone(), type_def, &user_id, &timestamp)?;
+        self.stage_entity(entity_fields, type_def, &user_id, &timestamp)?;
       entity_fields = fields;
       entity_change_kind = kind;
       entity_fetched = fetched;

src/queryer/compiler.rs

@@ -67,7 +67,10 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
     if let Some(items) = &node.schema.obj.items {
       let mut resolved_type = None;
       if let Some(family_target) = items.obj.family.as_ref() {
-        let base_type_name = family_target.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or(family_target);
+        let base_type_name = family_target
+          .split('.')
+          .next_back()
+          .unwrap_or(family_target);
         resolved_type = self.db.types.get(base_type_name);
       } else if let Some(base_type_name) = items.obj.identifier() {
         resolved_type = self.db.types.get(&base_type_name);
@@ -89,7 +92,10 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
     }
 
     // 3. Fallback for root execution of standalone non-entity arrays
-    Err("Cannot compile a root array without a valid entity reference or table mapped via `items`.".to_string())
+    Err(
+      "Cannot compile a root array without a valid entity reference or table mapped via `items`."
+        .to_string(),
+    )
   }
 
   fn compile_reference(&mut self, node: Node<'a>) -> Result<(String, String), String> {
@@ -118,33 +124,28 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
     }
     // Handle $family Polymorphism fallbacks for relations
     if let Some(family_target) = &node.schema.obj.family {
-      let base_type_name = family_target
+      let mut all_targets = vec![family_target.clone()];
-        .split('.')
+      if let Some(descendants) = self.db.descendants.get(family_target) {
-        .next_back()
+        all_targets.extend(descendants.clone());
-        .unwrap_or(family_target)
-        .to_string();
-
-      if let Some(type_def) = self.db.types.get(&base_type_name) {
-        if type_def.variations.len() == 1 {
-          let mut bypass_schema = crate::database::schema::Schema::default();
-          bypass_schema.obj.r#ref = Some(family_target.clone());
-          let mut bypass_node = node.clone();
-          bypass_node.schema = std::sync::Arc::new(bypass_schema);
-          return self.compile_node(bypass_node);
-        }
-
-        let mut sorted_variations: Vec<String> = type_def.variations.iter().cloned().collect();
-        sorted_variations.sort();
-
-        let mut family_schemas = Vec::new();
-        for variation in &sorted_variations {
-          let mut ref_schema = crate::database::schema::Schema::default();
-          ref_schema.obj.r#ref = Some(variation.clone());
-          family_schemas.push(std::sync::Arc::new(ref_schema));
-        }
-
-        return self.compile_one_of(&family_schemas, node);
       }
+
+      if all_targets.len() == 1 {
+        let mut bypass_schema = crate::database::schema::Schema::default();
+        bypass_schema.obj.r#ref = Some(all_targets[0].clone());
+        let mut bypass_node = node.clone();
+        bypass_node.schema = std::sync::Arc::new(bypass_schema);
+        return self.compile_node(bypass_node);
+      }
+
+      all_targets.sort();
+      let mut family_schemas = Vec::new();
+      for variation in &all_targets {
+        let mut ref_schema = crate::database::schema::Schema::default();
+        ref_schema.obj.r#ref = Some(variation.clone());
+        family_schemas.push(std::sync::Arc::new(ref_schema));
+      }
+
+      return self.compile_one_of(&family_schemas, node);
     }
 
     // Handle oneOf Polymorphism fallbacks for relations
@@ -224,49 +225,62 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
     let mut select_args = Vec::new();
 
     if let Some(family_target) = node.schema.obj.family.as_ref() {
-      let base_type_name = family_target
+      let family_prefix = family_target.rfind('.').map(|idx| &family_target[..idx]);
-        .split('.')
-        .next_back()
-        .unwrap_or(family_target)
-        .to_string();
 
-      if let Some(fam_type_def) = self.db.types.get(&base_type_name) {
+      let mut all_targets = vec![family_target.clone()];
-        if fam_type_def.variations.len() == 1 {
+      if let Some(descendants) = self.db.descendants.get(family_target) {
-          let mut bypass_schema = crate::database::schema::Schema::default();
+        all_targets.extend(descendants.clone());
-          bypass_schema.obj.r#ref = Some(family_target.clone());
+      }
-          bypass_schema.compile(self.db, &mut std::collections::HashSet::new());
 
+      // Filter targets to EXACTLY match the family_target prefix
+      let mut final_targets = Vec::new();
+      for target in all_targets {
+        let target_prefix = target.rfind('.').map(|idx| &target[..idx]);
+        if target_prefix == family_prefix {
+          final_targets.push(target);
+        }
+      }
+
+      final_targets.sort();
+      final_targets.dedup();
+
+      if final_targets.len() == 1 {
+        let variation = &final_targets[0];
+        if let Some(target_schema) = self.db.schemas.get(variation) {
           let mut bypass_node = node.clone();
-          bypass_node.schema = std::sync::Arc::new(bypass_schema);
+          bypass_node.schema = std::sync::Arc::new(target_schema.clone());
 
           let mut bypassed_args = self.compile_select_clause(r#type, table_aliases, bypass_node)?;
           select_args.append(&mut bypassed_args);
         } else {
-          let mut family_schemas = Vec::new();
+          return Err(format!("Could not find schema for variation {}", variation));
-          let mut sorted_fam_variations: Vec<String> =
-            fam_type_def.variations.iter().cloned().collect();
-          sorted_fam_variations.sort();
-
-          for variation in &sorted_fam_variations {
-            let mut ref_schema = crate::database::schema::Schema::default();
-            ref_schema.obj.r#ref = Some(variation.clone());
-            ref_schema.compile(self.db, &mut std::collections::HashSet::new());
-            family_schemas.push(std::sync::Arc::new(ref_schema));
-          }
-
-          let base_alias = table_aliases
-            .get(&r#type.name)
-            .cloned()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| node.parent_alias.to_string());
-          select_args.push(format!("'id', {}.id", base_alias));
-          let mut case_node = node.clone();
-          case_node.parent_alias = base_alias.clone();
-          let arc_aliases = std::sync::Arc::new(table_aliases.clone());
-          case_node.parent_type_aliases = Some(arc_aliases);
-
-          let (case_sql, _) = self.compile_one_of(&family_schemas, case_node)?;
-          select_args.push(format!("'type', {}", case_sql));
         }
+      } else {
+        let mut family_schemas = Vec::new();
+
+        for variation in &final_targets {
+          if let Some(target_schema) = self.db.schemas.get(variation) {
+            family_schemas.push(std::sync::Arc::new(target_schema.clone()));
+          } else {
+            return Err(format!(
+              "Could not find schema metadata for variation {}",
+              variation
+            ));
+          }
+        }
+
+        let base_alias = table_aliases
+          .get(&r#type.name)
+          .cloned()
+          .unwrap_or_else(|| node.parent_alias.to_string());
+        select_args.push(format!("'id', {}.id", base_alias));
+        let mut case_node = node.clone();
+        case_node.parent_alias = base_alias.clone();
+        let arc_aliases = std::sync::Arc::new(table_aliases.clone());
+        case_node.parent_type_aliases = Some(arc_aliases);
+
+        let (case_sql, _) = self.compile_one_of(&family_schemas, case_node)?;
+        select_args.push(format!("'type', {}", case_sql));
       }
     } else if let Some(one_of) = &node.schema.obj.one_of {
       let base_alias = table_aliases
@@ -328,10 +342,7 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
     };
 
     for option_schema in schemas {
-      if let Some(ref_id) = &option_schema.obj.r#ref {
+      if let Some(base_type_name) = option_schema.obj.identifier() {
-        // Find the physical type this ref maps to
-        let base_type_name = ref_id.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or("").to_string();
-
         // Generate the nested SQL for this specific target type
         let mut child_node = node.clone();
         child_node.schema = std::sync::Arc::clone(option_schema);
@@ -452,7 +463,6 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
         },
       };
 
-
       let (val_sql, val_type) = self.compile_node(child_node)?;
 
       if val_type != "abort" {
@@ -515,7 +525,13 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
             // Determine if the property schema resolves to a physical Database Entity
             let mut bound_type_name = None;
             if let Some(family_target) = prop_schema.obj.family.as_ref() {
-              bound_type_name = Some(family_target.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or(family_target).to_string());
+              bound_type_name = Some(
+                family_target
+                  .split('.')
+                  .next_back()
+                  .unwrap_or(family_target)
+                  .to_string(),
+              );
             } else if let Some(lookup_key) = prop_schema.obj.identifier() {
               bound_type_name = Some(lookup_key);
             }
@@ -536,7 +552,10 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
                   }
 
                   if let Some(col) = poly_col {
-                    if let Some(alias) = type_aliases.get(table_to_alias).or_else(|| type_aliases.get(&node.parent_alias)) {
+                    if let Some(alias) = type_aliases
+                      .get(table_to_alias)
+                      .or_else(|| type_aliases.get(&node.parent_alias))
+                    {
                       where_clauses.push(format!("{}.{} = '{}'", alias, col, type_name));
                     }
                   }
@@ -710,8 +729,6 @@ impl<'a> Compiler<'a> {
   ) -> Result<(), String> {
     if let Some(prop_ref) = &node.property_name {
       let prop = prop_ref.as_str();
-      println!("DEBUG: Eval prop: {}", prop);
-
       let mut parent_relation_alias = node.parent_alias.clone();
       let mut child_relation_alias = base_alias.to_string();
 

src/queryer/mod.rs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl Queryer {
     };
 
     // 3. Execute via Database Executor
-    self.execute_sql(schema_id, &sql, &args)
+    self.execute_sql(schema_id, &sql, args)
   }
 
   fn extract_filters(
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl Queryer {
     &self,
     schema_id: &str,
     sql: &str,
-    args: &[serde_json::Value],
+    args: Vec<serde_json::Value>,
   ) -> crate::drop::Drop {
     match self.db.query(sql, Some(args)) {
       Ok(serde_json::Value::Array(table)) => {

src/tests/fixtures.rs

@@ -1463,6 +1463,18 @@ fn test_queryer_0_8() {
     crate::tests::runner::run_test_case(&path, 0, 8).unwrap();
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_queryer_0_9() {
+    let path = format!("{}/fixtures/queryer.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    crate::tests::runner::run_test_case(&path, 0, 9).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_queryer_0_10() {
+    let path = format!("{}/fixtures/queryer.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    crate::tests::runner::run_test_case(&path, 0, 10).unwrap();
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_not_0_0() {
     let path = format!("{}/fixtures/not.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
@@ -3467,6 +3479,36 @@ fn test_if_then_else_13_1() {
     crate::tests::runner::run_test_case(&path, 13, 1).unwrap();
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_database_0_0() {
+    let path = format!("{}/fixtures/database.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    crate::tests::runner::run_test_case(&path, 0, 0).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_database_1_0() {
+    let path = format!("{}/fixtures/database.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    crate::tests::runner::run_test_case(&path, 1, 0).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_database_2_0() {
+    let path = format!("{}/fixtures/database.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    crate::tests::runner::run_test_case(&path, 2, 0).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_database_3_0() {
+    let path = format!("{}/fixtures/database.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    crate::tests::runner::run_test_case(&path, 3, 0).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_database_4_0() {
+    let path = format!("{}/fixtures/database.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    crate::tests::runner::run_test_case(&path, 4, 0).unwrap();
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_empty_string_0_0() {
     let path = format!("{}/fixtures/emptyString.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));

src/tests/runner.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ where
 }
 
 // Type alias for easier reading
-type CompiledSuite = Arc<Vec<(Suite, Arc<crate::database::Database>)>>;
+type CompiledSuite = Arc<Vec<(Suite, Arc<Result<Arc<crate::database::Database>, crate::drop::Drop>>)>>;
 
 // Global cache mapping filename -> Vector of (Parsed JSON suite, Compiled Database)
 static CACHE: OnceLock<RwLock<HashMap<String, CompiledSuite>>> = OnceLock::new();
@@ -42,20 +42,13 @@ fn get_cached_file(path: &str) -> CompiledSuite {
 
         let mut compiled_suites = Vec::new();
         for suite in suites {
-          let db_result = crate::database::Database::new(&suite.database);
+          let (db, drop) = crate::database::Database::new(&suite.database);
-          if let Err(drop) = db_result {
+          let compiled_db = if drop.errors.is_empty() {
-            let error_messages: Vec<String> = drop
+            Ok(Arc::new(db))
-              .errors
+          } else {
-              .into_iter()
+            Err(drop)
-              .map(|e| format!("Error {} at path {}: {}", e.code, e.details.path, e.message))
+          };
-              .collect();
+          compiled_suites.push((suite, Arc::new(compiled_db)));
-            panic!(
-              "System Setup Compilation failed for {}:\n{}",
-              path,
-              error_messages.join("\n")
-            );
-          }
-          compiled_suites.push((suite, Arc::new(db_result.unwrap())));
         }
 
         let new_data = Arc::new(compiled_suites);
@@ -85,11 +78,36 @@ pub fn run_test_case(path: &str, suite_idx: usize, case_idx: usize) -> Result<()
   let test = &group.tests[case_idx];
   let mut failures = Vec::<String>::new();
 
+  // For validate/merge/query, if setup failed we must structurally fail this test
+  let db_unwrapped = if test.action.as_str() != "compile" {
+    match &**db {
+      Ok(valid_db) => Some(valid_db.clone()),
+      Err(drop) => {
+        let error_messages: Vec<String> = drop
+          .errors
+          .iter()
+          .map(|e| format!("Error {} at path {}: {}", e.code, e.details.path, e.message))
+          .collect();
+        failures.push(format!(
+          "[{}] Cannot run '{}' test '{}': System Setup Compilation structurally failed:\n{}",
+          group.description, test.action, test.description, error_messages.join("\n")
+        ));
+        None
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    None
+  };
+
+  if !failures.is_empty() {
+    return Err(failures.join("\n"));
+  }
+
   // 4. Run Tests
 
   match test.action.as_str() {
     "compile" => {
-      let result = test.run_compile(db.clone());
+      let result = test.run_compile(db);
       if let Err(e) = result {
         println!("TEST COMPILE ERROR FOR '{}': {}", test.description, e);
         failures.push(format!(
@@ -99,7 +117,7 @@ pub fn run_test_case(path: &str, suite_idx: usize, case_idx: usize) -> Result<()
       }
     }
     "validate" => {
-      let result = test.run_validate(db.clone());
+      let result = test.run_validate(db_unwrapped.unwrap());
       if let Err(e) = result {
         println!("TEST VALIDATE ERROR FOR '{}': {}", test.description, e);
         failures.push(format!(
@@ -109,7 +127,7 @@ pub fn run_test_case(path: &str, suite_idx: usize, case_idx: usize) -> Result<()
       }
     }
     "merge" => {
-      let result = test.run_merge(db.clone());
+      let result = test.run_merge(db_unwrapped.unwrap());
       if let Err(e) = result {
         println!("TEST MERGE ERROR FOR '{}': {}", test.description, e);
         failures.push(format!(
@@ -119,7 +137,7 @@ pub fn run_test_case(path: &str, suite_idx: usize, case_idx: usize) -> Result<()
       }
     }
     "query" => {
-      let result = test.run_query(db.clone());
+      let result = test.run_query(db_unwrapped.unwrap());
       if let Err(e) = result {
         println!("TEST QUERY ERROR FOR '{}': {}", test.description, e);
         failures.push(format!(

src/tests/types/case.rs

@@ -35,21 +35,21 @@ fn default_action() -> String {
 }
 
 impl Case {
-  pub fn run_compile(&self, _db: Arc<Database>) -> Result<(), String> {
+  pub fn run_compile(
-    let expected_success = self.expect.as_ref().map(|e| e.success).unwrap_or(false);
+    &self,
+    db_res: &Result<Arc<Database>, crate::drop::Drop>,
+  ) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let expect = match &self.expect {
+      Some(e) => e,
+      None => return Ok(()),
+    };
 
-    // We assume db has already been setup and compiled successfully by runner.rs's `jspg_setup`
+    let result = match db_res {
-    // We just need to check if there are compilation errors vs expected success
+      Ok(_) => crate::drop::Drop::success(),
-    let got_success = true; // Setup ensures success unless setup fails, which runner handles
+      Err(d) => d.clone(),
+    };
 
-    if expected_success != got_success {
+    expect.assert_drop(&result)
-      return Err(format!(
-        "Expected success: {}, Got: {}",
-        expected_success, got_success
-      ));
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
   }
 
   pub fn run_validate(&self, db: Arc<Database>) -> Result<(), String> {
@@ -57,8 +57,6 @@ impl Case {
 
     let validator = Validator::new(db);
 
-    let expected_success = self.expect.as_ref().map(|e| e.success).unwrap_or(false);
-
     let schema_id = &self.schema_id;
     if !validator.db.schemas.contains_key(schema_id) {
       return Err(format!(
@@ -70,19 +68,8 @@ impl Case {
     let test_data = self.data.clone().unwrap_or(Value::Null);
     let result = validator.validate(schema_id, &test_data);
 
-    let got_valid = result.errors.is_empty();
+    if let Some(expect) = &self.expect {
-
+      expect.assert_drop(&result)?;
-    if got_valid != expected_success {
-      let error_msg = if result.errors.is_empty() {
-        "None".to_string()
-      } else {
-        format!("{:?}", result.errors)
-      };
-
-      return Err(format!(
-        "Expected: {}, Got: {}. Errors: {}",
-        expected_success, got_valid, error_msg
-      ));
     }
 
     Ok(())
@@ -101,24 +88,16 @@ impl Case {
     let test_data = self.data.clone().unwrap_or(Value::Null);
     let result = merger.merge(&self.schema_id, test_data);
 
-    let expected_success = self.expect.as_ref().map(|e| e.success).unwrap_or(false);
+    let return_val = if let Some(expect) = &self.expect {
-    let got_success = result.errors.is_empty();
+      if let Err(e) = expect.assert_drop(&result) {
-
+        Err(format!("Merge {}", e))
-    let error_msg = if result.errors.is_empty() {
+      } else if result.errors.is_empty() {
-      "None".to_string()
+        // Only assert SQL if merge succeeded
-    } else {
+        let queries = db.executor.get_queries();
-      format!("{:?}", result.errors)
+        expect.assert_pattern(&queries).and_then(|_| expect.assert_sql(&queries))
-    };
+      } else {
-
+        Ok(())
-    let return_val = if expected_success != got_success {
+      }
-      Err(format!(
-        "Merge Expected: {}, Got: {}. Errors: {}",
-        expected_success, got_success, error_msg
-      ))
-    } else if let Some(expect) = &self.expect {
-      let queries = db.executor.get_queries();
-      expect.assert_pattern(&queries)?;
-      expect.assert_sql(&queries)
     } else {
       Ok(())
     };
@@ -139,24 +118,15 @@ impl Case {
 
     let result = queryer.query(&self.schema_id, self.filters.as_ref());
 
-    let expected_success = self.expect.as_ref().map(|e| e.success).unwrap_or(false);
+    let return_val = if let Some(expect) = &self.expect {
-    let got_success = result.errors.is_empty();
+      if let Err(e) = expect.assert_drop(&result) {
-
+        Err(format!("Query {}", e))
-    let error_msg = if result.errors.is_empty() {
+      } else if result.errors.is_empty() {
-      "None".to_string()
+        let queries = db.executor.get_queries();
-    } else {
+        expect.assert_pattern(&queries).and_then(|_| expect.assert_sql(&queries))
-      format!("{:?}", result.errors)
+      } else {
-    };
+        Ok(())
-
+      }
-    let return_val = if expected_success != got_success {
-      Err(format!(
-        "Query Expected: {}, Got: {}. Errors: {}",
-        expected_success, got_success, error_msg
-      ))
-    } else if let Some(expect) = &self.expect {
-      let queries = db.executor.get_queries();
-      expect.assert_pattern(&queries)?;
-      expect.assert_sql(&queries)
     } else {
       Ok(())
     };

src/tests/types/expect/drop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+use super::Expect;
+
+impl Expect {
+  pub fn assert_drop(&self, drop: &crate::drop::Drop) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let got_success = drop.errors.is_empty();
+
+    if self.success != got_success {
+      let mut err_msg = format!("Expected success: {}, Got: {}.", self.success, got_success);
+      if !drop.errors.is_empty() {
+        err_msg.push_str(&format!(" Actual Errors: {:?}", drop.errors));
+      }
+      return Err(err_msg);
+    }
+
+    if !self.success {
+      if let Some(expected_errors) = &self.errors {
+        let actual_values: Vec<serde_json::Value> = drop.errors
+          .iter()
+          .map(|e| serde_json::to_value(e).unwrap())
+          .collect();
+
+        for (i, expected_val) in expected_errors.iter().enumerate() {
+          let mut matched = false;
+          
+          for actual_val in &actual_values {
+            if subset_match(expected_val, actual_val) {
+              matched = true;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          
+          if !matched {
+            return Err(format!(
+              "Expected error {} was not found in actual errors.\nExpected subset: {}\nActual full errors: {:?}",
+              i,
+              serde_json::to_string_pretty(expected_val).unwrap(),
+              drop.errors,
+            ));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+  }
+}
+
+// Helper to check if `expected` is a structural subset of `actual`
+fn subset_match(expected: &serde_json::Value, actual: &serde_json::Value) -> bool {
+  match (expected, actual) {
+    (serde_json::Value::Object(exp_map), serde_json::Value::Object(act_map)) => {
+      for (k, v) in exp_map {
+        if let Some(act_v) = act_map.get(k) {
+          if !subset_match(v, act_v) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        } else {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      true
+    }
+    (serde_json::Value::Array(exp_arr), serde_json::Value::Array(act_arr)) => {
+      // Basic check: array sizes and elements must match exactly in order
+      if exp_arr.len() != act_arr.len() {
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (e, a) in exp_arr.iter().zip(act_arr.iter()) {
+        if !subset_match(e, a) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      true
+    }
+    // For primitives, exact match
+    (e, a) => e == a,
+  }
+}

src/tests/types/expect/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pub mod pattern;
 pub mod sql;
+pub mod drop;
 
 use serde::Deserialize;
 

src/validator/rules/polymorphism.rs

@@ -31,10 +31,7 @@ impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
     }
 
     if let Some(family_target) = &self.schema.family {
-      // The descendants map is keyed by the schema's own $id, not the target string.
+      if let Some(descendants) = self.db.descendants.get(family_target) {
-      if let Some(schema_id) = &self.schema.id
-        && let Some(descendants) = self.db.descendants.get(schema_id)
-      {
         // Validate against all descendants simulating strict oneOf logic
         let mut passed_candidates: Vec<(String, usize, ValidationResult)> = Vec::new();
 

version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.0.101
+1.0.104