version: 1.0.57

.agent/workflows/jspg.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+description: jspg work preparation
+---
+
+This workflow will get you up-to-speed on the JSPG custom json-schema-based cargo pgrx postgres validation extension. Everything you read will be in the jspg directory/project.
+
+Read over this entire workflow and commit to every section of work in a task list, so that you don't stop half way through before reviewing all of the directories and files mentioned. Do not ask for confirmation after generating this task list and proceed through all sections in your list.
+
+Please analyze the files and directories and do not use cat, find, or the terminal to discover or read in any of these files. Analyze every file mentioned. If a directory is mentioned or a /*, please analyze the directory, every single file at its root, and recursively analyze every subdirectory and every single file in every subdirectory to capture not just critical files, but the entirety of what is requested. I state again, DO NOT just review a cherry picking of files in any folder or wildcard specified. Review 100% of all files discovered recursively!
+
+Section 1: Documentation
+
+- GEMINI.md at the root
+
+Section 2: Flow file for cmd interface
+
+- flow at the root
+
+Section 3: Source
+
+- src/*
+
+Section 4: Test Fixtures
+
+- Just review some of the *.json files in tests/fixtures/*
+
+Section 5: Build
+
+- build.rs
+
+Section 6: Cargo TOML
+
+- Cargo.toml
+
+Section 7: Some PUNC Syntax
+
+Now, review some punc type and enum source in the api project with api/ these files:
+
+- punc/sql/tables.sql
+- punc/sql/domains.sql
+- punc/sql/indexes.sql
+- punc/sql/functions/entity.sql
+- punc/sql/functions/puncs.sql
+- punc/sql/puncs/entity.sql
+- punc/sql/puncs/persons.sql
+- punc/sql/puncs/puncs.sql
+- punc/sql/puncs/job.sql
+
+Now you are ready to help me work on this extension.

.geminiignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/target/
+/package/
+.env

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 /target
 /package
-.env
+.env
+/src/tests.rs

.gitmodules

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 [submodule "flows"]
 	path = flows
 	url = git@gitea-ssh.thoughtpatterns.ai:cellular/flows.git
+[submodule "tests/fixtures/JSON-Schema-Test-Suite"]
+	path = tests/fixtures/JSON-Schema-Test-Suite
+	url = git@github.com:json-schema-org/JSON-Schema-Test-Suite.git

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,17 +1,32 @@
 [package]
 name = "jspg"
 version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
-pgrx = "0.14.0"
-serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1.0"
+pgrx = "0.16.1"
+serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive", "rc"] }
+serde_json = "1.0.149"
 lazy_static = "1.5.0"
-boon = "0.6.1"
+once_cell = "1.21.3"
+ahash = "0.8.12"
+regex = "1.12.3"
+regex-syntax = "0.8.9"
+url = "2.5.8"
+fluent-uri = "0.3.2"
+idna = "1.1.0"
+percent-encoding = "2.3.2"
+uuid = { version = "1.20.0", features = ["v4", "serde"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4.43", features = ["serde"] }
+json-pointer = "0.3.4"
+indexmap = { version = "2.13.0", features = ["serde"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-pgrx-tests = "0.14.0"
+pgrx-tests = "0.16.1"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0.149"
 
 [lib]
 crate-type = ["cdylib", "lib"]
@@ -21,7 +36,8 @@ name = "pgrx_embed_jspg"
 path = "src/bin/pgrx_embed.rs"
 
 [features]
-pg17 = ["pgrx/pg17", "pgrx-tests/pg17" ]
+default = ["pg18"]
+pg18 = ["pgrx/pg18", "pgrx-tests/pg18" ]
 # Local feature flag used by `cargo pgrx test`
 pg_test = []
 
@@ -34,3 +50,6 @@ panic = "unwind"
 opt-level = 3
 lto = "fat"
 codegen-units = 1
+
+[package.metadata.jspg]
+target_draft = "draft2020-12"

GEMINI.md

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# JSPG: JSON Schema Postgres
+
+**JSPG** is a high-performance PostgreSQL extension for in-memory JSON Schema validation, specifically targeting **Draft 2020-12**.
+
+It is designed to serve as the validation engine for the "Punc" architecture, where the database is the single source of truth for all data models and API contracts.
+
+## 🎯 Goals
+
+1.  **Draft 2020-12 Compliance**: Attempt to adhere to the official JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 specification.
+2.  **Ultra-Fast Validation**: Compile schemas into an optimized in-memory representation for near-instant validation during high-throughput workloads.
+3.  **Connection-Bound Caching**: Leverage the PostgreSQL session lifecycle to maintain a per-connection schema cache, eliminating the need for repetitive parsing.
+4.  **Structural Inheritance**: Support object-oriented schema design via Implicit Keyword Shadowing and virtual `$family` references.
+5.  **Punc Integration**: validation is aware of the "Punc" context (request/response) and can validate `cue` objects efficiently.
+
+## 🔌 API Reference
+
+The extension exposes the following functions to PostgreSQL:
+
+### `cache_json_schemas(enums jsonb, types jsonb, puncs jsonb) -> jsonb`
+
+Loads and compiles the entire schema registry into the session's memory, atomically replacing the previous validator.
+
+*   **Inputs**:
+    *   `enums`: Array of enum definitions.
+    *   `types`: Array of type definitions (core entities).
+    *   `puncs`: Array of punc (function) definitions with request/response schemas.
+*   **Behavior**:
+    *   Parses all inputs into an internal schema graph.
+    *   Resolves all internal references (`$ref`).
+    *   Generates virtual union schemas for type hierarchies referenced via `$family`.
+    *   Compiles schemas into validators.
+*   **Returns**: `{"response": "success"}` or an error object.
+
+### `mask_json_schema(schema_id text, instance jsonb) -> jsonb`
+
+Validates a JSON instance and returns a new JSON object with unknown properties removed (pruned) based on the schema.
+
+*   **Inputs**:
+    *   `schema_id`: The `$id` of the schema to mask against.
+    *   `instance`: The JSON data to mask.
+*   **Returns**:
+    *   On success: A `Drop` containing the **masked data**.
+    *   On failure: A `Drop` containing validation errors.
+
+### `validate_json_schema(schema_id text, instance jsonb) -> jsonb`
+
+Validates a JSON instance against a pre-compiled schema.
+
+*   **Inputs**:
+    *   `schema_id`: The `$id` of the schema to validate against (e.g., `person`, `save_person.request`).
+    *   `instance`: The JSON data to validate.
+*   **Returns**:
+    *   On success: `{"response": "success"}`
+    *   On failure: A JSON object containing structured errors (e.g., `{"errors": [...]}`).
+
+### `json_schema_cached(schema_id text) -> bool`
+
+Checks if a specific schema ID is currently present in the cache.
+
+### `clear_json_schemas() -> jsonb`
+
+Clears the current session's schema cache, freeing memory.
+
+### `show_json_schemas() -> jsonb`
+
+Returns a debug dump of the currently cached schemas (for development/debugging).
+
+## ✨ Custom Features & Deviations
+
+JSPG implements specific extensions to the Draft 2020-12 standard to support the Punc architecture's object-oriented needs while heavily optimizing for zero-runtime lookups.
+
+### 1. Polymorphism & Referencing (`$ref`, `$family`, and Native Types)
+
+JSPG replaces the complex, dynamic reference resolution logic of standard JSON Schema (e.g., `$defs`, relative URIs, `$dynamicRef`, `$dynamicAnchor`, `anyOf`) with a strict, explicitly structured global `$id` system. This powers predictable code generation and blazing-fast runtime validation.
+
+#### A. Global `$id` Conventions & Schema Buckets
+Every schema is part of a flat, globally addressable namespace. However, where a schema is defined in the database determines its physical boundaries:
+*   **Types (Entities)**: Schemas defined within a Postgres `type` represent entities. The `$id` must be exactly the type name (`person`) or suffixed (`full.person`). All schemas in this bucket receive strict Native Type Discrimination based on the physical table hierarchy.
+*   **Puncs (APIs)**: Schemas defined within a `punc` are ad-hoc containers. The `$id` must be exactly `[punc_name].request` or `[punc_name].response`. They are never entities themselves.
+*   **Enums (Domains)**: Schemas defined within an `enum` represent enum definitions. The `$id` must be exactly the enum name (`job_status`) or suffixed (`short.job_status`).
+
+#### B. Native Type Discrimination (The `variations` Property)
+Because `jspg` knows which schemas are Entities based on their origin bucket (Types), it securely and implicitly manages the `"type"` property by attaching `compiled_variations`. 
+If a schema originates in the `user` bucket, the validator does *not* rigidly require `{"type": "user"}`. Instead, it queries the physical Postgres type inheritance graph (e.g. `[entity, organization, user]`) and allows the JSON to be `{"type": "person"}` or `{"type": "bot"}` automatically, enabling seamless API polymorphism.
+
+#### C. Structural Inheritance & Viral Infection (`$ref`)
+`$ref` is used exclusively for structural inheritance. 
+*   **Viral Infection**: If an anonymous schema or an ad-hoc schema (like a Punc Request) `$ref`s a strict Entity schema (like `person.light`), it *virally inherits* the `compiled_variations` of that target. This means a Punc request instantly gains the exact polymorphic security boundaries of the Entity it points to.
+*   **`$ref` never creates a Union.** When you use `$ref`, you are asking for a single, concrete struct/shape. 
+
+#### D. Shape Polymorphism & Virtual Unions (`$family`)
+To support polymorphic API contracts (e.g., heterogeneous arrays of generic widgets) without manually writing massive `oneOf` blocks, JSPG provides the `$family` macro.
+While `$ref` defines rigid structure, `$family` relies on an abstract **Descendants Graph**.
+
+During compilation, `jspg` temporarily tracks every `$ref` pointer globally to build a reverse-lookup graph of "Descendants". It also calculates the **Inheritance Depth** of every schema (how far removed it is from the root entity).
+When `{"$family": "widget"}` is encountered, JSPG:
+1. Locates the `widget` schema in the Descendants graph.
+2. Expands the macro by finding *every* schema in the entire database that structurally `$ref`s `widget`, directly or indirectly (e.g., `stock.widget`, an anonymous object, etc.).
+3. Evaluates the incoming JSON against **every** descendant schema in that family *strictly*. 
+
+If you request `{"$family": "light.widget"}`, it simply evaluates all schemas that `$ref` the generic abstract `light.widget` interface. 
+
+#### E. Strict Matches & The Depth Heuristic
+JSPG strictly enforces that polymorphic structures (`oneOf`, or a `$family` expansion) match **exactly one** valid schema permutation. It does not support fuzzy matching (`anyOf`).
+If a JSON payload matches more than one schema in a union (which happens frequently due to implicit inheritance where an object might technically satisfy the requirements of both `entity` and `user`), JSPG automatically applies the **Depth Heuristic Tie-Breaker**:
+* It looks up the pre-calculated Inheritance Depth for all valid passing candidates.
+* It selects the candidate that is **deepest** in the inheritance tree (the most explicitly defined descendant).
+* If multiple passing candidates tie at the exact same depth level, an `AMBIGUOUS` error is thrown, forcing the developer to supply a more precise type discriminator or payload.
+
+This cleanly separates **Database Physics** (derived from the Postgres `Types` bucket and viral `$ref` inheritance) from **Structural Polymorphism** (derived purely from the abstract `$ref` tree).
+
+### 2. Strict by Default & Extensibility
+JSPG enforces a "Secure by Default" philosophy. All schemas are treated as if `unevaluatedProperties: false` (and `unevaluatedItems: false`) is set, unless explicitly overridden.
+
+*   **Strictness**: By default, any property or array item in the instance data that is not explicitly defined in the schema causes a validation error. This prevents clients from sending undeclared fields or extra array elements.
+*   **Extensibility (`extensible: true`)**: To allow a free-for-all of additional, undefined properties or extra array items, you must add `"extensible": true` to the schema. This globally disables the strictness check for that object or array, useful for types designed to be completely open.
+*   **Structured Additional Properties (`additionalProperties: {...}`)**: Instead of a boolean free-for-all, you can define `additionalProperties` as a schema object (e.g., `{"type": "string"}`). This maintains strictness (no arbitrary keys) but allows any extra keys as long as their values match the defined structure.
+*   **Ref Boundaries**: Strictness is reset when crossing `$ref` boundaries. The referenced schema's strictness is determined by its own definition (strict by default unless `extensible: true`), ignoring the caller's state.
+*   **Inheritance**: Strictness is inherited. A schema extending a strict parent will also be strict unless it declares itself `extensible: true`. Conversely, a schema extending a loose parent will also be loose unless it declares itself `extensible: false`.
+
+### 3. Implicit Keyword Shadowing
+Standard JSON Schema composition (`allOf`) is additive (Intersection), meaning constraints can only be tightened, not replaced. However, JSPG treats `$ref` differently when it appears alongside other properties to support object-oriented inheritance.
+
+*   **Inheritance (`$ref` + properties)**: When a schema uses `$ref` and defines its own properties, JSPG implements Smart Merge (or Shadowing). If a property is defined in the current schema, its constraints take precedence over the inherited constraints for that specific keyword.
+    *   **Example**: If Entity defines `type: { const: "entity" }` and Person (which refs Entity) defines `type: { const: "person" }`, validation passes for "person". The local const shadows the inherited const.
+    *   **Granularity**: Shadowing is per-keyword. If Entity defined `type: { const: "entity", minLength: 5 }`, Person would shadow `const` but still inherit `minLength: 5`.
+*   **Composition (`allOf`)**: When using `allOf`, standard intersection rules apply. No shadowing occurs; all constraints from all branches must pass. This is used for mixins or interfaces.
+
+### 4. Format Leniency for Empty Strings
+To simplify frontend form logic, the format validators for `uuid`, `date-time`, and `email` explicitly allow empty strings (`""`). This treats an empty string as "present but unset" rather than "invalid format".
+
+## 🏗️ Architecture
+
+The extension is written in Rust using `pgrx` and structures its schema parser to mirror the Punc Generator's design:
+
+*   **Single `Schema` Struct**: A unified struct representing the exact layout of a JSON Schema object, including standard keywords and custom vocabularies (`form`, `display`, etc.).
+*   **Compiler Phase**: schema JSONs are parsed into this struct, linked (references resolved), and then compiled into an efficient validation tree.
+*   **Validation Phase**: The compiled validators traverse the JSON instance using `serde_json::Value`.
+
+### Concurrency & Threading ("Immutable Graphs")
+
+To support high-throughput validation while allowing for runtime schema updates (e.g., during development or hot-reloading), JSPG uses an **Atomic Swap** pattern based on 100% immutable schemas.
+
+1. **Parser Phase**: Schema JSONs are parsed into ordered `Schema` structs.
+2. **Compiler Phase**: The database iterates all parsed schemas and pre-computes native optimization maps:
+   * **Descendants Map**: A reverse `$ref` lookup graph for instant `$family` resolution.
+   * **Depths Map**: The `$ref` lineage distance of every schema for heuristic tie-breaking.
+   * **Variations Map**: The Native Type inheritance hierarchy.
+3. **Immutable Validator**: The `Validator` struct immutably owns the `Database` registry and all its global maps. Once created, a validator instance (and its registry) never changes. Schemas themselves are completely frozen; `$ref` strings are resolved dynamically at runtime using the pre-computed O(1) maps, eliminating the need to physically mutate or link pointers across structures.
+4. **Global Pointer**: A global `RwLock<Option<Arc<Validator>>>` holds the current active validator.
+5. **Lock-Free Reads**: Validation requests acquire a read lock just long enough to clone the `Arc` (incrementing a reference count), then release the lock immediately. Validation proceeds on the snapshot, ensuring no blocking during schema updates.
+6. **Atomic Updates**: When schemas are reloaded (`cache_json_schemas`), a new `Registry` and `Validator` are built entirely on the stack. The global pointer is then atomically swapped to the new instance under a write lock.
+
+## 🧪 Testing
+
+Testing is driven by standard Rust unit tests that load JSON fixtures.
+
+*   **Isolation**: Each test file runs with its own isolated `Registry` and `Validator` instance, created on the stack. This eliminates global state interference and allows tests to run in parallel.
+*   **Fixtures**: The tests are located in `tests/fixtures/*.json` and are executed via `cargo test`.

build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+use std::fs;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+fn to_safe_identifier(name: &str) -> String {
+  let mut safe = String::new();
+  for (i, c) in name.chars().enumerate() {
+    if c.is_uppercase() {
+      if i > 0 {
+        safe.push('_');
+      }
+      safe.push(c.to_ascii_lowercase());
+    } else if c == '-' || c == '.' {
+      safe.push('_');
+    } else {
+      safe.push(c);
+    }
+  }
+  safe
+}
+
+fn main() {
+  println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=tests/fixtures");
+  println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=Cargo.toml");
+
+  // File 1: src/tests/fixtures.rs for #[pg_test]
+  let pg_dest_path = Path::new("src/tests/fixtures.rs");
+  let mut pg_file = File::create(pg_dest_path).unwrap();
+
+  // File 2: tests/fixtures.rs for standard #[test] integration
+  let std_dest_path = Path::new("tests/fixtures.rs");
+  let mut std_file = File::create(std_dest_path).unwrap();
+
+  // Write headers
+  writeln!(std_file, "use jspg::validator::util;").unwrap();
+
+  // Walk tests/fixtures directly
+  let fixtures_path = "tests/fixtures";
+  if Path::new(fixtures_path).exists() {
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(fixtures_path).unwrap() {
+      let entry = entry.unwrap();
+      let path = entry.path();
+      if path.extension().unwrap_or_default() == "json" {
+        let file_name = path.file_stem().unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
+
+        // Parse the JSON file to find blocks
+        let file = File::open(&path).unwrap();
+        let val: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_reader(file).unwrap();
+
+        if let Some(arr) = val.as_array() {
+          for (i, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            // Enforce test suite structure
+            let group = item.as_object().expect("Test suite must be an object");
+
+            // Validate required suite fields
+            if !group.contains_key("description")
+              || !group.contains_key("database")
+              || !group.contains_key("tests")
+            {
+              panic!(
+                "File {} index {} is missing required suite fields (description, database, tests)",
+                file_name, i
+              );
+            }
+
+            // Validate required test case fields
+            let tests = group
+              .get("tests")
+              .unwrap()
+              .as_array()
+              .expect("Tests must be an array");
+            for (t_idx, test) in tests.iter().enumerate() {
+              let t_obj = test.as_object().expect("Test case must be an object");
+              if !t_obj.contains_key("description")
+                || !t_obj.contains_key("data")
+                || !t_obj.contains_key("valid")
+                || !t_obj.contains_key("schema_id")
+              {
+                panic!(
+                  "File {} suite {} test {} is missing required case fields (description, data, valid, schema_id)",
+                  file_name, i, t_idx
+                );
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Use deterministic names: test_{filename}_{index}
+            let safe_filename = to_safe_identifier(file_name);
+            let fn_name = format!("test_{}_{}", safe_filename, i);
+
+            // Write to src/tests.rs (PG Test)
+            // CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR is used to find the absolute path to fixtures at runtime
+            write!(
+              pg_file,
+              r#"
+#[pg_test]
+fn {}() {{
+    let path = format!("{{}}/tests/fixtures/{}.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    crate::validator::util::run_test_file_at_index(&path, {}).unwrap();
+}}
+"#,
+              fn_name, file_name, i
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+            // Write to tests/tests.rs (Std Test)
+            write!(
+              std_file,
+              r#"
+#[test]
+fn {}() {{
+    let path = format!("{{}}/tests/fixtures/{}.json", env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    util::run_test_file_at_index(&path, {}).unwrap();
+}}
+"#,
+              fn_name, file_name, i
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

flow

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Flows
 source ./flows/base
@@ -8,32 +8,35 @@ source ./flows/packaging
 source ./flows/rust
 
 # Vars
-POSTGRES_VERSION="17"
+POSTGRES_VERSION="18"
 POSTGRES_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/postgresql@${POSTGRES_VERSION}/bin/pg_config"
 DEPENDENCIES+=(icu4c pkg-config "postgresql@${POSTGRES_VERSION}")
-CARGO_DEPENDENCIES=(cargo-pgrx==0.14.0)
+CARGO_DEPENDENCIES=(cargo-pgrx==0.16.1)
 GITEA_ORGANIZATION="cellular"
 GITEA_REPOSITORY="jspg"
 
-pgrx-prepare() {
+pgrx-up() {
   info "Initializing pgrx..."
   # Explicitly point to the postgresql@${POSTGRES_VERSION} pg_config, don't rely on 'which'
   local POSTGRES_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/postgresql@${POSTGRES_VERSION}/bin/pg_config"
 
   if [ ! -x "$POSTGRES_CONFIG_PATH" ]; then
-    error "pg_config not found or not executable at $POSTGRES_CONFIG_PATH."
     warning "Ensure postgresql@${POSTGRES_VERSION} is installed correctly via Homebrew."
-    return 2
+    abort "pg_config not found or not executable at $POSTGRES_CONFIG_PATH." 2
   fi
 
   if cargo pgrx init --pg"$POSTGRES_VERSION"="$POSTGRES_CONFIG_PATH"; then
-    success "pgrx initialized successfully."
-  else
-    error "Failed to initialize pgrx. Check PostgreSQL development packages are installed and $POSTGRES_CONFIG_PATH is valid."
-    return 2
+    success "pgrx initialized successfully." && return 0
   fi
+
+  abort "Failed to initialize pgrx. Check PostgreSQL development packages are installed and $POSTGRES_CONFIG_PATH is valid." 2
 }
 
+pgrx-down() {
+  info "Taking pgrx down..."
+}
+
+
 build() {
   local version
   version=$(get-version) || return $?
@@ -49,12 +52,12 @@ build() {
 
   # Create the source tarball excluding specified patterns
   info "Creating tarball: ${tarball_path}"
-  if tar --exclude='.git*' --exclude='./target' --exclude='./package' --exclude='./flows' --exclude='./flow' -czf "${tarball_path}" .; then
-      success "Successfully created source tarball: ${tarball_path}"
-  else
-      error "Failed to create source tarball."
-      return 2
+  # Set COPYFILE_DISABLE=1 to prevent macOS tar from including ._ metadata files
+  if COPYFILE_DISABLE=1 tar --exclude='.git*' --exclude='./target' --exclude='./package' --exclude='./flows' --exclude='./flow' -czf "${tarball_path}" .; then
+    success "Successfully created source tarball: ${tarball_path}" && return 0
   fi
+  
+  abort "Failed to create source tarball." 2
 }
 
 install() {
@@ -65,8 +68,7 @@ install() {
 
   # Run the pgrx install command
   if ! cargo pgrx install; then 
-      error "cargo pgrx install command failed."
-      return 2
+      abort "cargo pgrx install command failed." 2
   fi
   success "PGRX extension v$version successfully built and installed."
 
@@ -75,31 +77,28 @@ install() {
   pg_sharedir=$("$POSTGRES_CONFIG_PATH" --sharedir)
   local pg_config_status=$?
   if [ $pg_config_status -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$pg_sharedir" ]; then
-      error "Failed to determine PostgreSQL shared directory using pg_config."
-      return 2
+      abort "Failed to determine PostgreSQL shared directory using pg_config." 2
   fi
   local installed_control_path="${pg_sharedir}/extension/jspg.control"
 
   # Modify the control file
   if [ ! -f "$installed_control_path" ]; then
-      error "Installed control file not found: '$installed_control_path'"
-      return 2
+    abort "Installed control file not found: '$installed_control_path'" 2
   fi
 
   info "Modifying control file for non-superuser access: ${installed_control_path}"
   # Use sed -i '' for macOS compatibility
   if sed -i '' '/^superuser = false/d' "$installed_control_path" && \
      echo 'trusted = true' >> "$installed_control_path"; then
-    success "Control file modified successfully."
-  else
-    error "Failed to modify control file: ${installed_control_path}"
-    return 2
+    success "Control file modified successfully." && return 0
   fi
+
+  abort "Failed to modify control file: ${installed_control_path}" 2
 }
 
 test() {
   info "Running jspg tests..."
-  cargo pgrx test "pg${POSTGRES_VERSION}" "$@" || return $?
+  cargo test --tests "$@" || return $?
 }
 
 clean() {
@@ -108,25 +107,27 @@ clean() {
 }
 
 jspg-usage() {
-  printf "prepare\tCheck OS, Cargo, and PGRX dependencies.\n"
-  printf "install\tBuild and install the extension locally (after prepare).\n"
-  printf "reinstall\tClean, build, and install the extension locally (after prepare).\n"
-  printf "test\t\tRun pgrx integration tests.\n"
-  printf "clean\t\tRemove pgrx build artifacts.\n"
+  echo "up|Check OS, Cargo, and PGRX dependencies."
+  echo "install|Build and install the extension locally (after up)."
+  echo "reinstall|Clean, build, and install the extension locally (after up)."
+  echo "test-jspg|Run pgrx integration tests."
+  echo "test-validator|Run validator integration tests."
+  echo "clean|Remove pgrx build artifacts."
 }
 
 jspg-flow() {
   case "$1" in
-    prepare) prepare && cargo-prepare && pgrx-prepare; return $?;; 
+    up) up && rust-up && pgrx-up; return $?;; 
+    down) pgrx-down && rust-down && down; return $?;; 
     build) build; return $?;; 
     install) install; return $?;; 
     reinstall) clean && install; return $?;; 
     test) test "${@:2}"; return $?;; 
     clean) clean; return $?;;
-    *) return 1 ;;
+    *) return 127 ;;
   esac
 }
 
-register-flow "jspg-usage" "jspg-flow"
+register-flow "jspg"
 
-dispatch "$@"
+dispatch "$@"

src/bin/pgrx_embed.rs

@@ -1 +1 @@
-::pgrx::pgrx_embed!();
+::pgrx::pgrx_embed!();

src/database/enum.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+use crate::database::schema::Schema;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct Enum {
+  pub name: String,
+  pub module: String,
+  pub source: String,
+  pub values: Vec<String>,
+  pub schemas: Vec<Schema>,
+}

src/database/formats.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,880 @@
+use std::{
+  collections::HashMap,
+  error::Error,
+  net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr},
+};
+
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use percent_encoding::percent_decode_str;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use url::Url;
+
+// use crate::ecma; // Assuming ecma is not yet available, stubbing regex for now
+
+/// Defines format for `format` keyword.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Format {
+  /// Name of the format
+  pub name: &'static str,
+
+  /// validates given value.
+  pub func: fn(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>, // Ensure thread safety if needed
+}
+
+lazy_static! {
+    pub(crate) static ref FORMATS: HashMap<&'static str, Format> = {
+        let mut m = HashMap::<&'static str, Format>::new();
+        // Helper to register formats
+        let mut register = |name, func| m.insert(name, Format { name, func });
+
+        // register("regex", validate_regex); // Stubbed
+        register("ipv4", validate_ipv4);
+        register("ipv6", validate_ipv6);
+        register("hostname", validate_hostname);
+        register("idn-hostname", validate_idn_hostname);
+        register("email", validate_email);
+        register("idn-email", validate_idn_email);
+        register("date", validate_date);
+        register("time", validate_time);
+        register("date-time", validate_date_time);
+        register("duration", validate_duration);
+        register("period", validate_period);
+        register("json-pointer", validate_json_pointer);
+        register("relative-json-pointer", validate_relative_json_pointer);
+        register("uuid", validate_uuid);
+        register("uri", validate_uri);
+        register("iri", validate_iri);
+        register("uri-reference", validate_uri_reference);
+        register("iri-reference", validate_iri_reference);
+        register("uri-template", validate_uri_template);
+        m
+    };
+}
+
+/*
+fn validate_regex(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let Value::String(s) = v else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+    // ecma::convert(s).map(|_| ())
+    Ok(())
+}
+*/
+
+fn validate_ipv4(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  s.parse::<Ipv4Addr>()?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_ipv6(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  s.parse::<Ipv6Addr>()?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_date(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  check_date(s)?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn matches_char(s: &str, index: usize, ch: char) -> bool {
+  s.is_char_boundary(index) && s[index..].starts_with(ch)
+}
+
+// see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3339#section-5.6
+fn check_date(s: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  // yyyy-mm-dd
+  if s.len() != 10 {
+    Err("must be 10 characters long")?;
+  }
+  if !matches_char(s, 4, '-') || !matches_char(s, 7, '-') {
+    Err("missing hyphen in correct place")?;
+  }
+
+  let mut ymd = s.splitn(3, '-').filter_map(|t| t.parse::<usize>().ok());
+  let (Some(y), Some(m), Some(d)) = (ymd.next(), ymd.next(), ymd.next()) else {
+    Err("non-positive year/month/day")?
+  };
+
+  if !matches!(m, 1..=12) {
+    Err(format!("{m} months in year"))?;
+  }
+  if !matches!(d, 1..=31) {
+    Err(format!("{d} days in month"))?;
+  }
+
+  match m {
+    2 => {
+      let mut feb_days = 28;
+      if y % 4 == 0 && (y % 100 != 0 || y % 400 == 0) {
+        feb_days += 1; // leap year
+      };
+      if d > feb_days {
+        Err(format!("february has {feb_days} days only"))?;
+      }
+    }
+    4 | 6 | 9 | 11 => {
+      if d > 30 {
+        Err("month has 30 days only")?;
+      }
+    }
+    _ => {}
+  }
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_time(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  check_time(s)
+}
+
+fn check_time(mut str: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  // min: hh:mm:ssZ
+  if str.len() < 9 {
+    Err("less than 9 characters long")?
+  }
+  if !matches_char(str, 2, ':') || !matches_char(str, 5, ':') {
+    Err("missing colon in correct place")?
+  }
+
+  // parse hh:mm:ss
+  if !str.is_char_boundary(8) {
+    Err("contains non-ascii char")?
+  }
+  let mut hms = (str[..8])
+    .splitn(3, ':')
+    .filter_map(|t| t.parse::<usize>().ok());
+  let (Some(mut h), Some(mut m), Some(s)) = (hms.next(), hms.next(), hms.next()) else {
+    Err("non-positive hour/min/sec")?
+  };
+  if h > 23 || m > 59 || s > 60 {
+    Err("hour/min/sec out of range")?
+  }
+  str = &str[8..];
+
+  // parse sec-frac if present
+  if let Some(rem) = str.strip_prefix('.') {
+    let n_digits = rem.chars().take_while(char::is_ascii_digit).count();
+    if n_digits == 0 {
+      Err("no digits in second fraction")?;
+    }
+    str = &rem[n_digits..];
+  }
+
+  if str != "z" && str != "Z" {
+    // parse time-numoffset
+    if str.len() != 6 {
+      Err("offset must be 6 characters long")?;
+    }
+    let sign: isize = match str.chars().next() {
+      Some('+') => -1,
+      Some('-') => 1,
+      _ => return Err("offset must begin with plus/minus")?,
+    };
+    str = &str[1..];
+    if !matches_char(str, 2, ':') {
+      Err("missing colon in offset at correct place")?
+    }
+
+    let mut zhm = str.splitn(2, ':').filter_map(|t| t.parse::<usize>().ok());
+    let (Some(zh), Some(zm)) = (zhm.next(), zhm.next()) else {
+      Err("non-positive hour/min in offset")?
+    };
+    if zh > 23 || zm > 59 {
+      Err("hour/min in offset out of range")?
+    }
+
+    // apply timezone
+    let mut hm = (h * 60 + m) as isize + sign * (zh * 60 + zm) as isize;
+    if hm < 0 {
+      hm += 24 * 60;
+      debug_assert!(hm >= 0);
+    }
+    let hm = hm as usize;
+    (h, m) = (hm / 60, hm % 60);
+  }
+
+  // check leap second
+  if !(s < 60 || (h == 23 && m == 59)) {
+    Err("invalid leap second")?
+  }
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_date_time(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  check_date_time(s)
+}
+
+fn check_date_time(s: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  // min: yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssZ
+  if s.len() < 20 {
+    Err("less than 20 characters long")?;
+  }
+  if !s.is_char_boundary(10) || !s[10..].starts_with(['t', 'T']) {
+    Err("11th character must be t or T")?;
+  }
+  if let Err(e) = check_date(&s[..10]) {
+    Err(format!("invalid date element: {e}"))?;
+  }
+  if let Err(e) = check_time(&s[11..]) {
+    Err(format!("invalid time element: {e}"))?;
+  }
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_duration(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  check_duration(s)?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+// see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3339#appendix-A
+fn check_duration(s: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  // must start with 'P'
+  let Some(s) = s.strip_prefix('P') else {
+    Err("must start with P")?
+  };
+  if s.is_empty() {
+    Err("nothing after P")?
+  }
+
+  // dur-week
+  if let Some(s) = s.strip_suffix('W') {
+    if s.is_empty() {
+      Err("no number in week")?
+    }
+    if !s.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) {
+      Err("invalid week")?
+    }
+    return Ok(());
+  }
+
+  static UNITS: [&str; 2] = ["YMD", "HMS"];
+  for (i, s) in s.split('T').enumerate() {
+    let mut s = s;
+    if i != 0 && s.is_empty() {
+      Err("no time elements")?
+    }
+    let Some(mut units) = UNITS.get(i).cloned() else {
+      Err("more than one T")?
+    };
+    while !s.is_empty() {
+      let digit_count = s.chars().take_while(char::is_ascii_digit).count();
+      if digit_count == 0 {
+        Err("missing number")?
+      }
+      s = &s[digit_count..];
+      let Some(unit) = s.chars().next() else {
+        Err("missing unit")?
+      };
+      let Some(j) = units.find(unit) else {
+        if UNITS[i].contains(unit) {
+          Err(format!("unit {unit} out of order"))?
+        }
+        Err(format!("invalid unit {unit}"))?
+      };
+      units = &units[j + 1..];
+      s = &s[1..];
+    }
+  }
+
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+// see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3339#appendix-A
+fn validate_period(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+
+  let Some(slash) = s.find('/') else {
+    Err("missing slash")?
+  };
+
+  let (start, end) = (&s[..slash], &s[slash + 1..]);
+  if start.starts_with('P') {
+    if let Err(e) = check_duration(start) {
+      Err(format!("invalid start duration: {e}"))?
+    }
+    if let Err(e) = check_date_time(end) {
+      Err(format!("invalid end date-time: {e}"))?
+    }
+  } else {
+    if let Err(e) = check_date_time(start) {
+      Err(format!("invalid start date-time: {e}"))?
+    }
+    if end.starts_with('P') {
+      if let Err(e) = check_duration(end) {
+        Err(format!("invalid end duration: {e}"))?;
+      }
+    } else if let Err(e) = check_date_time(end) {
+      Err(format!("invalid end date-time: {e}"))?;
+    }
+  }
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_hostname(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  check_hostname(s)?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+// see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname#Restrictions_on_valid_host_names
+fn check_hostname(s: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  // entire hostname (including the delimiting dots but not a trailing dot) has a maximum of 253 ASCII characters
+
+  if s.len() > 253 {
+    Err("more than 253 characters long")?
+  }
+
+  // Hostnames are composed of series of labels concatenated with dots, as are all domain names
+  for label in s.split('.') {
+    // Each label must be from 1 to 63 characters long
+    if !matches!(label.len(), 1..=63) {
+      Err("label must be 1 to 63 characters long")?;
+    }
+
+    // labels must not start or end with a hyphen
+    if label.starts_with('-') {
+      Err("label starts with hyphen")?;
+    }
+
+    if label.ends_with('-') {
+      Err("label ends with hyphen")?;
+    }
+
+    // labels may contain only the ASCII letters 'a' through 'z' (in a case-insensitive manner),
+    // the digits '0' through '9', and the hyphen ('-')
+    if let Some(ch) = label
+      .chars()
+      .find(|c| !matches!(c, 'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '0'..='9' | '-'))
+    {
+      Err(format!("invalid character {ch:?}"))?;
+    }
+
+    // labels must not contain "--" in 3rd and 4th position unless they start with "xn--"
+    if label.len() >= 4 && &label[2..4] == "--" {
+      if !label.starts_with("xn--") {
+        Err("label has -- in 3rd/4th position but does not start with xn--")?;
+      } else {
+        let (unicode, errors) = idna::domain_to_unicode(label);
+        if errors.is_err() {
+          Err("invalid punycode")?;
+        }
+        check_unicode_idn_constraints(&unicode)
+          .map_err(|e| format!("invalid punycode/IDN: {e}"))?;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_idn_hostname(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  check_idn_hostname(s)?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+static DISALLOWED: [char; 10] = [
+  '\u{0640}', //  ARABIC TATWEEL
+  '\u{07FA}', //  NKO LAJANYALAN
+  '\u{302E}', //  HANGUL SINGLE DOT TONE MARK
+  '\u{302F}', //  HANGUL DOUBLE DOT TONE MARK
+  '\u{3031}', //  VERTICAL KANA REPEAT MARK
+  '\u{3032}', //  VERTICAL KANA REPEAT WITH VOICED SOUND MARK
+  '\u{3033}', //  VERTICAL KANA REPEAT MARK UPPER HALF
+  '\u{3034}', //  VERTICAL KANA REPEAT WITH VOICED SOUND MARK UPPER HA
+  '\u{3035}', //  VERTICAL KANA REPEAT MARK LOWER HALF
+  '\u{303B}', //  VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC ITERATION MARK
+];
+
+fn check_idn_hostname(s: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let s = idna::domain_to_ascii_strict(s).map_err(|e| format!("idna error: {:?}", e))?;
+  let (unicode, errors) = idna::domain_to_unicode(&s);
+  if let Err(e) = errors {
+    Err(format!("idna decoding error: {:?}", e))?;
+  }
+  check_unicode_idn_constraints(&unicode)?;
+  check_hostname(&s)?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn check_unicode_idn_constraints(unicode: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5892#section-2.6
+  {
+    if unicode.contains(DISALLOWED) {
+      Err("contains disallowed character")?;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // unicode string must not contain "--" in 3rd and 4th position
+  // and must not start and end with a '-'
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5891#section-4.2.3.1
+  {
+    let count: usize = unicode
+      .chars()
+      .skip(2)
+      .take(2)
+      .map(|c| if c == '-' { 1 } else { 0 })
+      .sum();
+    if count == 2 {
+      Err("unicode string must not contain '--' in 3rd and 4th position")?;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // MIDDLE DOT is allowed between 'l' characters only
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5892#appendix-A.3
+  {
+    let middle_dot = '\u{00b7}';
+    let mut s = unicode;
+    while let Some(i) = s.find(middle_dot) {
+      let prefix = &s[..i];
+      let suffix = &s[i + middle_dot.len_utf8()..];
+      if !prefix.ends_with('l') || !suffix.ends_with('l') {
+        Err("MIDDLE DOT is allowed between 'l' characters only")?;
+      }
+      s = suffix;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Greek KERAIA must be followed by Greek character
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5892#appendix-A.4
+  {
+    let keralia = '\u{0375}';
+    let greek = '\u{0370}'..='\u{03FF}';
+    let mut s = unicode;
+    while let Some(i) = s.find(keralia) {
+      let suffix = &s[i + keralia.len_utf8()..];
+      if !suffix.starts_with(|c| greek.contains(&c)) {
+        Err("Greek KERAIA must be followed by Greek character")?;
+      }
+      s = suffix;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Hebrew GERESH must be preceded by Hebrew character
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5892#appendix-A.5
+  //
+  // Hebrew GERSHAYIM must be preceded by Hebrew character
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5892#appendix-A.6
+  {
+    let geresh = '\u{05F3}';
+    let gereshayim = '\u{05F4}';
+    let hebrew = '\u{0590}'..='\u{05FF}';
+    for ch in [geresh, gereshayim] {
+      let mut s = unicode;
+      while let Some(i) = s.find(ch) {
+        let prefix = &s[..i];
+        if !prefix.ends_with(|c| hebrew.contains(&c)) {
+          if i == 0 {
+            Err("Hebrew GERESH must be preceded by Hebrew character")?;
+          } else {
+            Err("Hebrew GERESHYIM must be preceded by Hebrew character")?;
+          }
+        }
+        let suffix = &s[i + ch.len_utf8()..];
+        s = suffix;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT must be with Hiragana, Katakana, or Han
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5892#appendix-A.7
+  {
+    let katakana_middle_dot = '\u{30FB}';
+    if unicode.contains(katakana_middle_dot) {
+      let hiragana = '\u{3040}'..='\u{309F}';
+      let katakana = '\u{30A0}'..='\u{30FF}';
+      let han = '\u{4E00}'..='\u{9FFF}'; // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_(Unicode_block): is this range correct??
+      if unicode.contains(|c| hiragana.contains(&c))
+        || unicode.contains(|c| c != katakana_middle_dot && katakana.contains(&c))
+        || unicode.contains(|c| han.contains(&c))
+      {
+        // ok
+      } else {
+        Err("KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT must be with Hiragana, Katakana, or Han")?;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ARABIC-INDIC DIGITS and Extended Arabic-Indic Digits cannot be mixed
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5892#appendix-A.8
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5892#appendix-A.9
+  {
+    let arabic_indic_digits = '\u{0660}'..='\u{0669}';
+    let extended_arabic_indic_digits = '\u{06F0}'..='\u{06F9}';
+    if unicode.contains(|c| arabic_indic_digits.contains(&c))
+      && unicode.contains(|c| extended_arabic_indic_digits.contains(&c))
+    {
+      Err("ARABIC-INDIC DIGITS and Extended Arabic-Indic Digits cannot be mixed")?;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ZERO WIDTH JOINER must be preceded by Virama
+  // see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5892#appendix-A.2
+  {
+    let zero_width_jointer = '\u{200D}';
+    static VIRAMA: [char; 61] = [
+      '\u{094D}',
+      '\u{09CD}',
+      '\u{0A4D}',
+      '\u{0ACD}',
+      '\u{0B4D}',
+      '\u{0BCD}',
+      '\u{0C4D}',
+      '\u{0CCD}',
+      '\u{0D3B}',
+      '\u{0D3C}',
+      '\u{0D4D}',
+      '\u{0DCA}',
+      '\u{0E3A}',
+      '\u{0EBA}',
+      '\u{0F84}',
+      '\u{1039}',
+      '\u{103A}',
+      '\u{1714}',
+      '\u{1734}',
+      '\u{17D2}',
+      '\u{1A60}',
+      '\u{1B44}',
+      '\u{1BAA}',
+      '\u{1BAB}',
+      '\u{1BF2}',
+      '\u{1BF3}',
+      '\u{2D7F}',
+      '\u{A806}',
+      '\u{A82C}',
+      '\u{A8C4}',
+      '\u{A953}',
+      '\u{A9C0}',
+      '\u{AAF6}',
+      '\u{ABED}',
+      '\u{10A3F}',
+      '\u{11046}',
+      '\u{1107F}',
+      '\u{110B9}',
+      '\u{11133}',
+      '\u{11134}',
+      '\u{111C0}',
+      '\u{11235}',
+      '\u{112EA}',
+      '\u{1134D}',
+      '\u{11442}',
+      '\u{114C2}',
+      '\u{115BF}',
+      '\u{1163F}',
+      '\u{116B6}',
+      '\u{1172B}',
+      '\u{11839}',
+      '\u{1193D}',
+      '\u{1193E}',
+      '\u{119E0}',
+      '\u{11A34}',
+      '\u{11A47}',
+      '\u{11A99}',
+      '\u{11C3F}',
+      '\u{11D44}',
+      '\u{11D45}',
+      '\u{11D97}',
+    ]; // https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/combining/9
+    let mut s = unicode;
+    while let Some(i) = s.find(zero_width_jointer) {
+      let prefix = &s[..i];
+      if !prefix.ends_with(VIRAMA) {
+        Err("ZERO WIDTH JOINER must be preceded by Virama")?;
+      }
+      let suffix = &s[i + zero_width_jointer.len_utf8()..];
+      s = suffix;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_email(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  check_email(s)?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+// see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address
+fn check_email(s: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  // entire email address to be no more than 254 characters long
+  if s.len() > 254 {
+    Err("more than 254 characters long")?
+  }
+
+  // email address is generally recognized as having two parts joined with an at-sign
+  let Some(at) = s.rfind('@') else {
+    Err("missing @")?
+  };
+  let (local, domain) = (&s[..at], &s[at + 1..]);
+
+  // local part may be up to 64 characters long
+  if local.len() > 64 {
+    Err("local part more than 64 characters long")?
+  }
+
+  if local.len() > 1 && local.starts_with('"') && local.ends_with('"') {
+    // quoted
+    let local = &local[1..local.len() - 1];
+    if local.contains(['\\', '"']) {
+      Err("backslash and quote not allowed within quoted local part")?
+    }
+  } else {
+    // unquoted
+
+    if local.starts_with('.') {
+      Err("starts with dot")?
+    }
+    if local.ends_with('.') {
+      Err("ends with dot")?
+    }
+
+    // consecutive dots not allowed
+    if local.contains("..") {
+      Err("consecutive dots")?
+    }
+
+    // check allowd chars
+    if let Some(ch) = local
+      .chars()
+      .find(|c| !(c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || ".!#$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~".contains(*c)))
+    {
+      Err(format!("invalid character {ch:?}"))?
+    }
+  }
+
+  // domain if enclosed in brackets, must match an IP address
+  if domain.starts_with('[') && domain.ends_with(']') {
+    let s = &domain[1..domain.len() - 1];
+    if let Some(s) = s.strip_prefix("IPv6:") {
+      if let Err(e) = s.parse::<Ipv6Addr>() {
+        Err(format!("invalid ipv6 address: {e}"))?
+      }
+      return Ok(());
+    }
+    if let Err(e) = s.parse::<Ipv4Addr>() {
+      Err(format!("invalid ipv4 address: {e}"))?
+    }
+    return Ok(());
+  }
+
+  // domain must match the requirements for a hostname
+  if let Err(e) = check_hostname(domain) {
+    Err(format!("invalid domain: {e}"))?
+  }
+
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_idn_email(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+
+  let Some(at) = s.rfind('@') else {
+    Err("missing @")?
+  };
+  let (local, domain) = (&s[..at], &s[at + 1..]);
+
+  let local = idna::domain_to_ascii_strict(local).map_err(|e| format!("idna error: {:?}", e))?;
+  let domain = idna::domain_to_ascii_strict(domain).map_err(|e| format!("idna error: {:?}", e))?;
+  if let Err(e) = check_idn_hostname(&domain) {
+    Err(format!("invalid domain: {e}"))?
+  }
+  check_email(&format!("{local}@{domain}"))
+}
+
+fn validate_json_pointer(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  check_json_pointer(s)?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+// see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6901#section-3
+fn check_json_pointer(s: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  if s.is_empty() {
+    return Ok(());
+  }
+  if !s.starts_with('/') {
+    Err("not starting with slash")?;
+  }
+  for token in s.split('/').skip(1) {
+    let mut chars = token.chars();
+    while let Some(ch) = chars.next() {
+      if ch == '~' {
+        if !matches!(chars.next(), Some('0' | '1')) {
+          Err("~ must be followed by 0 or 1")?;
+        }
+      } else if !matches!(ch, '\x00'..='\x2E' | '\x30'..='\x7D' | '\x7F'..='\u{10FFFF}') {
+        Err("contains disallowed character")?;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+// see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-handrews-relative-json-pointer-01#section-3
+fn validate_relative_json_pointer(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+
+  // start with non-negative-integer
+  let num_digits = s.chars().take_while(char::is_ascii_digit).count();
+  if num_digits == 0 {
+    Err("must start with non-negative integer")?;
+  }
+  if num_digits > 1 && s.starts_with('0') {
+    Err("starts with zero")?;
+  }
+  let s = &s[num_digits..];
+
+  // followed by either json-pointer or '#'
+  if s == "#" {
+    return Ok(());
+  }
+  if let Err(e) = check_json_pointer(s) {
+    Err(format!("invalid json-pointer element: {e}"))?;
+  }
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+// see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4122#page-4
+fn validate_uuid(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+
+  static HEX_GROUPS: [usize; 5] = [8, 4, 4, 4, 12];
+  let mut i = 0;
+  for group in s.split('-') {
+    if i >= HEX_GROUPS.len() {
+      Err("more than 5 elements")?;
+    }
+    if group.len() != HEX_GROUPS[i] {
+      Err(format!(
+        "element {} must be {} characters long",
+        i + 1,
+        HEX_GROUPS[i]
+      ))?;
+    }
+    if let Some(ch) = group.chars().find(|c| !c.is_ascii_hexdigit()) {
+      Err(format!("non-hex character {ch:?}"))?;
+    }
+    i += 1;
+  }
+  if i != HEX_GROUPS.len() {
+    Err("must have 5 elements")?;
+  }
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_uri(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  if fluent_uri::UriRef::parse(s.as_str())
+    .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+    .scheme()
+    .is_none()
+  {
+    Err("relative url")?;
+  };
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_iri(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  match Url::parse(s) {
+    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+    Err(url::ParseError::RelativeUrlWithoutBase) => Err("relative url")?,
+    Err(e) => Err(e)?,
+  }
+}
+
+lazy_static! {
+  static ref TEMP_URL: Url = Url::parse("http://temp.com").unwrap();
+}
+
+fn parse_uri_reference(s: &str) -> Result<Url, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  if s.contains('\\') {
+    Err("contains \\\\")?;
+  }
+  Ok(TEMP_URL.join(s)?)
+}
+
+fn validate_uri_reference(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  fluent_uri::UriRef::parse(s.as_str()).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_iri_reference(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+  parse_uri_reference(s)?;
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_uri_template(v: &Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+  let Value::String(s) = v else {
+    return Ok(());
+  };
+
+  let url = parse_uri_reference(s)?;
+
+  let path = url.path();
+  // path we got has curly bases percent encoded
+  let path = percent_decode_str(path).decode_utf8()?;
+
+  // ensure curly brackets are not nested and balanced
+  for part in path.as_ref().split('/') {
+    let mut want = true;
+    for got in part
+      .chars()
+      .filter(|c| matches!(c, '{' | '}'))
+      .map(|c| c == '{')
+    {
+      if got != want {
+        Err("nested curly braces")?;
+      }
+      want = !want;
+    }
+    if !want {
+      Err("no matching closing brace")?
+    }
+  }
+  Ok(())
+}

src/database/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+pub mod r#enum;
+pub mod formats;
+pub mod page;
+pub mod punc;
+pub mod schema;
+pub mod r#type;
+
+use crate::database::r#enum::Enum;
+use crate::database::punc::Punc;
+use crate::database::schema::Schema;
+use crate::database::r#type::Type;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+
+pub struct Database {
+  pub enums: HashMap<String, Enum>,
+  pub types: HashMap<String, Type>,
+  pub puncs: HashMap<String, Punc>,
+  pub schemas: HashMap<String, Schema>,
+  pub descendants: HashMap<String, Vec<String>>,
+  pub depths: HashMap<String, usize>,
+}
+
+impl Database {
+  pub fn new(val: &serde_json::Value) -> Self {
+    let mut db = Self {
+      enums: HashMap::new(),
+      types: HashMap::new(),
+      puncs: HashMap::new(),
+      schemas: HashMap::new(),
+      descendants: HashMap::new(),
+      depths: HashMap::new(),
+    };
+
+    if let Some(arr) = val.get("enums").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
+      for item in arr {
+        if let Ok(def) = serde_json::from_value::<Enum>(item.clone()) {
+          db.enums.insert(def.name.clone(), def);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(arr) = val.get("types").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
+      for item in arr {
+        if let Ok(def) = serde_json::from_value::<Type>(item.clone()) {
+          db.types.insert(def.name.clone(), def);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(arr) = val.get("puncs").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
+      for item in arr {
+        if let Ok(def) = serde_json::from_value::<Punc>(item.clone()) {
+          db.puncs.insert(def.name.clone(), def);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(arr) = val.get("schemas").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
+      for (i, item) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+        if let Ok(mut schema) = serde_json::from_value::<Schema>(item.clone()) {
+          let id = schema
+            .obj
+            .id
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("schema_{}", i));
+          schema.obj.id = Some(id.clone());
+          db.schemas.insert(id, schema);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    let _ = db.compile();
+    db
+  }
+
+  /// Organizes the graph of the database, compiling regex, format functions, and caching relationships.
+  fn compile(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
+    self.collect_schemas();
+    self.collect_depths();
+    self.collect_descendants();
+    self.compile_schemas();
+
+    Ok(())
+  }
+
+  fn collect_schemas(&mut self) {
+    let mut to_insert = Vec::new();
+
+    // Pass 1: Extract all Schemas structurally off top level definitions into the master registry.
+    for type_def in self.types.values() {
+      for mut schema in type_def.schemas.clone() {
+        schema.harvest(&mut to_insert);
+      }
+    }
+    for punc_def in self.puncs.values() {
+      for mut schema in punc_def.schemas.clone() {
+        schema.harvest(&mut to_insert);
+      }
+    }
+    for enum_def in self.enums.values() {
+      for mut schema in enum_def.schemas.clone() {
+        schema.harvest(&mut to_insert);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (id, schema) in to_insert {
+      self.schemas.insert(id, schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn collect_depths(&mut self) {
+    let mut depths: HashMap<String, usize> = HashMap::new();
+    let schema_ids: Vec<String> = self.schemas.keys().cloned().collect();
+
+    for id in schema_ids {
+      let mut current_id = id.clone();
+      let mut depth = 0;
+      let mut visited = HashSet::new();
+
+      while let Some(schema) = self.schemas.get(&current_id) {
+        if !visited.insert(current_id.clone()) {
+          break; // Cycle detected
+        }
+        if let Some(ref_str) = &schema.obj.r#ref {
+          current_id = ref_str.clone();
+          depth += 1;
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      depths.insert(id, depth);
+    }
+    self.depths = depths;
+  }
+
+  fn collect_descendants(&mut self) {
+    let mut direct_refs: HashMap<String, Vec<String>> = HashMap::new();
+    for (id, schema) in &self.schemas {
+      if let Some(ref_str) = &schema.obj.r#ref {
+        direct_refs
+          .entry(ref_str.clone())
+          .or_default()
+          .push(id.clone());
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Cache generic descendants for $family runtime lookups
+    let mut descendants = HashMap::new();
+    for (id, schema) in &self.schemas {
+      if let Some(family_target) = &schema.obj.family {
+        let mut desc_set = HashSet::new();
+        Self::collect_descendants_recursively(family_target, &direct_refs, &mut desc_set);
+        let mut desc_vec: Vec<String> = desc_set.into_iter().collect();
+        desc_vec.sort();
+
+        // By placing all descendants directly onto the ID mapped location of the Family declaration,
+        // we can lookup descendants natively in ValidationContext without AST replacement overrides.
+        descendants.insert(id.clone(), desc_vec);
+      }
+    }
+    self.descendants = descendants;
+  }
+
+  fn collect_descendants_recursively(
+    target: &str,
+    direct_refs: &HashMap<String, Vec<String>>,
+    descendants: &mut HashSet<String>,
+  ) {
+    if let Some(children) = direct_refs.get(target) {
+      for child in children {
+        if descendants.insert(child.clone()) {
+          Self::collect_descendants_recursively(child, direct_refs, descendants);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn compile_schemas(&mut self) {
+    // Pass 3: compile_internals across pure structure
+    let schema_ids: Vec<String> = self.schemas.keys().cloned().collect();
+    for id in schema_ids {
+      if let Some(schema) = self.schemas.get_mut(&id) {
+        schema.compile_internals();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

src/database/page.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct Page {
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub path: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub title: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub sidebar: Option<Sidebar>,
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub actions: Option<IndexMap<String, Action>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct Sidebar {
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub category: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub priority: Option<i32>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct Action {
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub punc: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub navigate: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub present: Option<String>,
+}

src/database/punc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+use crate::database::page::Page;
+use crate::database::schema::Schema;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct Punc {
+  pub id: String,
+  pub r#type: String,
+  pub name: String,
+  pub module: String,
+  pub source: String,
+  pub description: Option<String>,
+  pub public: bool,
+  pub form: bool,
+  pub get: Option<String>,
+  pub page: Option<Page>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub schemas: Vec<Schema>,
+}

src/database/schema.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+// Schema mirrors the Go Punc Generator's schema struct for consistency.
+// It is an order-preserving representation of a JSON Schema.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct SchemaObject {
+  // Core Schema Keywords
+  #[serde(rename = "$id")]
+  pub id: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(rename = "$ref")]
+  pub r#ref: Option<String>,
+  /*
+     Note: The `Ref` field in the Go struct is a pointer populated by the linker.
+     In Rust, we might handle this differently (e.g., separate lookup or Rc/Arc),
+     so we omit the direct recursive `Ref` field for now and rely on `ref_string`.
+  */
+  pub description: Option<String>,
+  pub title: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(default)] // Allow missing type
+  #[serde(rename = "type")]
+  pub type_: Option<SchemaTypeOrArray>, // Handles string or array of strings
+
+  // Object Keywords
+  pub properties: Option<BTreeMap<String, Arc<Schema>>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "patternProperties")]
+  pub pattern_properties: Option<BTreeMap<String, Arc<Schema>>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "additionalProperties")]
+  pub additional_properties: Option<Arc<Schema>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "$family")]
+  pub family: Option<String>,
+
+  pub required: Option<Vec<String>>,
+
+  // dependencies can be schema dependencies or property dependencies
+  pub dependencies: Option<BTreeMap<String, Dependency>>,
+
+  // Array Keywords
+  #[serde(rename = "items")]
+  pub items: Option<Arc<Schema>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "prefixItems")]
+  pub prefix_items: Option<Vec<Arc<Schema>>>,
+
+  // String Validation
+  #[serde(rename = "minLength")]
+  pub min_length: Option<f64>,
+  #[serde(rename = "maxLength")]
+  pub max_length: Option<f64>,
+  pub pattern: Option<String>,
+
+  // Array Validation
+  #[serde(rename = "minItems")]
+  pub min_items: Option<f64>,
+  #[serde(rename = "maxItems")]
+  pub max_items: Option<f64>,
+  #[serde(rename = "uniqueItems")]
+  pub unique_items: Option<bool>,
+  #[serde(rename = "contains")]
+  pub contains: Option<Arc<Schema>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "minContains")]
+  pub min_contains: Option<f64>,
+  #[serde(rename = "maxContains")]
+  pub max_contains: Option<f64>,
+
+  // Object Validation
+  #[serde(rename = "minProperties")]
+  pub min_properties: Option<f64>,
+  #[serde(rename = "maxProperties")]
+  pub max_properties: Option<f64>,
+  #[serde(rename = "propertyNames")]
+  pub property_names: Option<Arc<Schema>>,
+
+  // Numeric Validation
+  pub format: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(rename = "enum")]
+  pub enum_: Option<Vec<Value>>, // `enum` is a reserved keyword in Rust
+  #[serde(
+    default,
+    rename = "const",
+    deserialize_with = "crate::validator::util::deserialize_some"
+  )]
+  pub const_: Option<Value>,
+
+  // Numeric Validation
+  #[serde(rename = "multipleOf")]
+  pub multiple_of: Option<f64>,
+  pub minimum: Option<f64>,
+  pub maximum: Option<f64>,
+  #[serde(rename = "exclusiveMinimum")]
+  pub exclusive_minimum: Option<f64>,
+  #[serde(rename = "exclusiveMaximum")]
+  pub exclusive_maximum: Option<f64>,
+
+  // Combining Keywords
+  #[serde(rename = "allOf")]
+  pub all_of: Option<Vec<Arc<Schema>>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "anyOf")]
+  pub any_of: Option<Vec<Arc<Schema>>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "oneOf")]
+  pub one_of: Option<Vec<Arc<Schema>>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "not")]
+  pub not: Option<Arc<Schema>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "if")]
+  pub if_: Option<Arc<Schema>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "then")]
+  pub then_: Option<Arc<Schema>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "else")]
+  pub else_: Option<Arc<Schema>>,
+
+  // Custom Vocabularies
+  pub form: Option<Vec<String>>,
+  pub display: Option<Vec<String>>,
+  #[serde(rename = "enumNames")]
+  pub enum_names: Option<Vec<String>>,
+  pub control: Option<String>,
+  pub actions: Option<BTreeMap<String, Action>>,
+  pub computer: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub extensible: Option<bool>,
+
+  #[serde(skip)]
+  pub compiled_format: Option<CompiledFormat>,
+  #[serde(skip)]
+  pub compiled_pattern: Option<CompiledRegex>,
+  #[serde(skip)]
+  pub compiled_pattern_properties: Option<Vec<(CompiledRegex, Arc<Schema>)>>,
+}
+
+/// Represents a compiled format validator
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum CompiledFormat {
+  Func(fn(&serde_json::Value) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>),
+  Regex(regex::Regex),
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for CompiledFormat {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+    match self {
+      CompiledFormat::Func(_) => write!(f, "CompiledFormat::Func(...)"),
+      CompiledFormat::Regex(r) => write!(f, "CompiledFormat::Regex({:?})", r),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// A wrapper for compiled regex patterns
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct CompiledRegex(pub regex::Regex);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Default)]
+pub struct Schema {
+  #[serde(flatten)]
+  pub obj: SchemaObject,
+  #[serde(skip)]
+  pub always_fail: bool,
+}
+
+impl std::ops::Deref for Schema {
+  type Target = SchemaObject;
+  fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+    &self.obj
+  }
+}
+impl std::ops::DerefMut for Schema {
+  fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+    &mut self.obj
+  }
+}
+
+impl Schema {
+  pub fn compile_internals(&mut self) {
+    self.map_children(|child| child.compile_internals());
+
+    if let Some(format_str) = &self.obj.format
+      && let Some(fmt) = crate::database::formats::FORMATS.get(format_str.as_str())
+    {
+      self.obj.compiled_format = Some(crate::database::schema::CompiledFormat::Func(fmt.func));
+    }
+
+    if let Some(pattern_str) = &self.obj.pattern
+      && let Ok(re) = regex::Regex::new(pattern_str)
+    {
+      self.obj.compiled_pattern = Some(crate::database::schema::CompiledRegex(re));
+    }
+
+    if let Some(pattern_props) = &self.obj.pattern_properties {
+      let mut compiled = Vec::new();
+      for (k, v) in pattern_props {
+        if let Ok(re) = regex::Regex::new(k) {
+          compiled.push((crate::database::schema::CompiledRegex(re), v.clone()));
+        }
+      }
+      if !compiled.is_empty() {
+        self.obj.compiled_pattern_properties = Some(compiled);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn harvest(&mut self, to_insert: &mut Vec<(String, Schema)>) {
+    if let Some(id) = &self.obj.id {
+      to_insert.push((id.clone(), self.clone()));
+    }
+    self.map_children(|child| child.harvest(to_insert));
+  }
+
+  pub fn map_children<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
+  where
+    F: FnMut(&mut Schema),
+  {
+    if let Some(props) = &mut self.obj.properties {
+      for v in props.values_mut() {
+        let mut inner = (**v).clone();
+        f(&mut inner);
+        *v = Arc::new(inner);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(pattern_props) = &mut self.obj.pattern_properties {
+      for v in pattern_props.values_mut() {
+        let mut inner = (**v).clone();
+        f(&mut inner);
+        *v = Arc::new(inner);
+      }
+    }
+
+    let mut map_arr = |arr: &mut Vec<Arc<Schema>>| {
+      for v in arr.iter_mut() {
+        let mut inner = (**v).clone();
+        f(&mut inner);
+        *v = Arc::new(inner);
+      }
+    };
+
+    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.prefix_items {
+      map_arr(arr);
+    }
+    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.all_of {
+      map_arr(arr);
+    }
+    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.any_of {
+      map_arr(arr);
+    }
+    if let Some(arr) = &mut self.obj.one_of {
+      map_arr(arr);
+    }
+
+    let mut map_opt = |opt: &mut Option<Arc<Schema>>| {
+      if let Some(v) = opt {
+        let mut inner = (**v).clone();
+        f(&mut inner);
+        *v = Arc::new(inner);
+      }
+    };
+
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.additional_properties);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.items);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.contains);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.property_names);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.not);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.if_);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.then_);
+    map_opt(&mut self.obj.else_);
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Schema {
+  fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+  where
+    D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+  {
+    let v: Value = Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+
+    if let Some(b) = v.as_bool() {
+      let mut obj = SchemaObject::default();
+      if b {
+        obj.extensible = Some(true);
+      }
+      return Ok(Schema {
+        obj,
+        always_fail: !b,
+      });
+    }
+    let mut obj: SchemaObject =
+      serde_json::from_value(v.clone()).map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?;
+
+    // If a schema is effectively empty (except for potentially carrying an ID),
+    // it functions as a boolean `true` schema in Draft2020 which means it should not
+    // restrict additional properties natively
+    let is_empty = obj.type_.is_none()
+      && obj.properties.is_none()
+      && obj.pattern_properties.is_none()
+      && obj.additional_properties.is_none()
+      && obj.required.is_none()
+      && obj.dependencies.is_none()
+      && obj.items.is_none()
+      && obj.prefix_items.is_none()
+      && obj.contains.is_none()
+      && obj.format.is_none()
+      && obj.enum_.is_none()
+      && obj.const_.is_none()
+      && obj.all_of.is_none()
+      && obj.any_of.is_none()
+      && obj.one_of.is_none()
+      && obj.not.is_none()
+      && obj.if_.is_none()
+      && obj.then_.is_none()
+      && obj.else_.is_none()
+      && obj.r#ref.is_none()
+      && obj.family.is_none();
+
+    if is_empty && obj.extensible.is_none() {
+      obj.extensible = Some(true);
+    }
+
+    Ok(Schema {
+      obj,
+      always_fail: false,
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub enum SchemaTypeOrArray {
+  Single(String),
+  Multiple(Vec<String>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Action {
+  pub navigate: Option<String>,
+  pub punc: Option<String>,
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub enum Dependency {
+  Props(Vec<String>),
+  Schema(Arc<Schema>),
+}

src/database/type.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use crate::database::schema::Schema;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct Type {
+  pub id: String,
+  pub r#type: String,
+  pub name: String,
+  pub module: String,
+  pub source: String,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub historical: bool,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub sensitive: bool,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub ownable: bool,
+  pub longevity: Option<i32>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub hierarchy: Vec<String>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub variations: HashSet<String>,
+  pub relationship: Option<bool>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub fields: Vec<String>,
+  pub grouped_fields: Option<Value>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub lookup_fields: Vec<String>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub null_fields: Vec<String>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub default_fields: Vec<String>,
+  pub field_types: Option<Value>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  pub schemas: Vec<Schema>,
+}

src/drop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct Drop {
+  // We don't need id, frequency, etc. for the validation result specifically,
+  // as they are added by the SQL wrapper. We just need to conform to the structure.
+  // The user said "Validator::validate always needs to return this drop type".
+  // So we should match it as closely as possible.
+  #[serde(rename = "type")]
+  pub type_: String, // "drop"
+
+  #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+  pub response: Option<Value>,
+
+  #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
+  pub errors: Vec<Error>,
+}
+
+impl Default for Drop {
+  fn default() -> Self {
+    Self::new()
+  }
+}
+
+impl Drop {
+  pub fn new() -> Self {
+    Self {
+      type_: "drop".to_string(),
+      response: None,
+      errors: vec![],
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn success() -> Self {
+    Self {
+      type_: "drop".to_string(),
+      response: Some(serde_json::json!("success")),
+      errors: vec![],
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn success_with_val(val: Value) -> Self {
+    Self {
+      type_: "drop".to_string(),
+      response: Some(val),
+      errors: vec![],
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn with_errors(errors: Vec<Error>) -> Self {
+    Self {
+      type_: "drop".to_string(),
+      response: None,
+      errors,
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct Error {
+  pub code: String,
+  pub message: String,
+  pub details: ErrorDetails,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct ErrorDetails {
+  pub path: String,
+  // Extensions can be added here (package, cause, etc)
+  // For now, validator only provides path
+}

src/entity/GEMINI.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Entity Engine (jspg)
+
+## Overview
+
+This document outlines the architecture for moving the complex, CPU-bound row merging (`merge_entity`) and dynamic querying (`query_entity`) functionality out of PL/pgSQL and directly into the Rust-based `jspg` extension. 
+
+By treating the `jspg` schema registry as the absolute Single Source of Truth, we can leverage Rust and the Postgres query planner (via SPI) to achieve near O(1) execution planning for deeply nested reads, complex relational writes, and partial hydration beats.
+
+## The Problem
+
+Historically, `agreego.merge_entity` (PL/pgSQL) handled nested writes by segmenting JSON, resolving types, searching hierarchies, and dynamically concatenating `INSERT`/`UPDATE` statements. `agreego.query_entity` was conceived to do the same for reads (handling base security, inheritance JOINs, and filtering automatically). 
+
+However, this design hits three major limitations:
+1. **CPU Bound Operations**: PL/pgSQL is comparatively slow at complex string concatenation and massive JSON graph traversals.
+2. **Query Planning Cache Busting**: Generating massive, dynamic SQL strings prevents Postgres from caching query plans. `EXECUTE dynamic_sql` forces the planner to re-evaluate statistics and execution paths on every function call, leading to extreme latency spikes at scale.
+3. **The Hydration Beat Problem**: The Punc framework requires fetching specific UI "fragments" (e.g. just the `target` of a specific `contact` array element) to feed WebSockets. Hand-rolling CTEs for every possible sub-tree permutation to serve beats will quickly become unmaintainable.
+
+## The Solution: Semantic Engine Database
+
+By migrating `merge_entity` and `query_entity` to `jspg`, we turn the database into a pre-compiled Semantic Engine.
+
+1. **Schema-to-SQL Compilation**: During the connection lifecycle (`cache_json_schemas()`), `jspg` statically analyzes the JSON Schema AST. It acts as a compiler, translating the schema layout into perfectly optimized, multi-JOIN SQL query strings for *every* node/fragment in the schema.
+2. **Prepared Statements (SPI)**: `jspg` feeds these computed SQL strings into the Postgres SPI (Server Programming Interface) using `Spi::prepare()`. Postgres calculates the query execution plan *once* and caches it in memory.
+3. **Instant Execution**: When a Punc needs data, `jspg` retrieves the cached PreparedStatement, securely binds binary parameters, and executes the pre-planned query instantly.
+
+## Architecture
+
+### 1. The `cache_json_schemas()` Expansion
+The initialization function must now ingest `types` and `agreego.relation` data so the internal `Registry` holds the full Relational Graph.
+
+During schema compilation, if a schema is associated with a database Type, it triggers the **SQL Compiler Phase**:
+- It builds a table-resolution AST mapping to `JOIN` clauses based on foreign keys.
+- It translates JSON schema properties to `SELECT jsonb_build_object(...)`.
+- It generates static SQL for `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `SELECT` (including path-based fragment SELECTs).
+- It calls `Spi::prepare()` to cache these plans inside the Session Context.
+
+### 2. `agreego.query_entity` (Reads)
+* **API**: `agreego.query_entity(schema_id TEXT, fragment_path TEXT, cue JSONB)`
+* **Execution**:
+    * Rust locates the target Schema in memory.
+    * It uses the `fragment_path` (e.g., `/` for a full read, or `/contacts/0/target` for a hydration beat) to fetch the exact PreparedStatement.
+    * It binds variables (Row Level Security IDs, filtering, pagination limit/offset) parsed from the `cue`.
+    * SPI returns the heavily nested, pre-aggregated `JSONB` instantly.
+
+### 3. Unified Aggregations & Computeds (Schema `query` objects)
+We replace the concept of a complex string parser (PEL) with native structured JSON JSON objects using the `query` keyword.
+
+A structured `query` block in the schema:
+```json
+"total": {
+  "type": "number",
+  "readOnly": true,
+  "query": {
+    "aggregate": "sum",
+    "source": "lines",
+    "field": "amount"
+  }
+}
+```
+* **Frontend (Dart)**: The Go generator parses the JSON object directly and emits the native UI aggregation code (e.g. `lines.fold(...)`) for instant UI updates before the server responds.
+* **Backend (jspg)**: The Rust SQL compiler natively deserializes the `query` object into an internal struct. It recognizes the `aggregate` instruction and outputs a Postgres native aggregation: `(SELECT SUM(amount) FROM agreego.invoice_line WHERE invoice_id = t1.id)` as a column in the prepared `SELECT` statement. 
+* **Unification**: The database-calculated value acts as the authoritative truth, synchronizing and correcting the client automatically on the resulting `beat`.
+
+### 4. `agreego.merge_entity` (Writes)
+* **API**: `agreego.merge_entity(cue JSONB)`
+* **Execution**:
+    * Parses the incoming `cue` JSON via `serde_json` at C-like speeds.
+    * Recursively validates and *constructively masks* the tree against the strict schema.
+    * Traverses the relational graph (which is fully loaded in the `jspg` registry).
+    * Binds the new values directly into the cached `INSERT` or `UPDATE` SPI prepared statements for each table in the hierarchy.
+    * Evaluates field differences and natively uses `pg_notify` to fire atomic row-level changes for the Go Beat framework.
+
+## Roadmap
+
+1. **Relational Ingestion**: Update `cache_json_schemas` to pass relational metadata (`agreego.relation` rows) into the `jspg` registry cache.
+2. **The SQL Compiler**: Build the AST-to-String compiler in Rust that reads properties, `$ref`s, and `$family` trees to piece together generic SQL.
+3. **SPI Caching**: Integrate `Spi::prepare` into the `Validator` creation phase.
+4. **Rust `merge_entity`**: Port the constructive structural extraction loop from PL/pgSQL to Rust.
+5. **Rust `query_entity`**: Abstract the query runtime, mapping Punc JSON `filters` arrays to SPI-bound parameters safely.

src/jspg.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+use crate::database::Database;
+use crate::merger::Merger;
+use crate::queryer::Queryer;
+use crate::validator::Validator;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+pub struct Jspg {
+  pub database: Arc<Database>,
+  pub validator: Validator,
+  pub queryer: Queryer,
+  pub merger: Merger,
+}
+
+impl Jspg {
+  pub fn new(database_val: &serde_json::Value) -> Self {
+    let database_instance = Database::new(database_val);
+    let database = Arc::new(database_instance);
+    let validator = Validator::new(database.clone());
+    let queryer = Queryer::new();
+    let merger = Merger::new();
+
+    Self {
+      database,
+      validator,
+      queryer,
+      merger,
+    }
+  }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -2,803 +2,144 @@ use pgrx::*;
 
 pg_module_magic!();
 
-use boon::{CompileError, Compiler, ErrorKind, SchemaIndex, Schemas, ValidationError, Type, Types};
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use serde_json::{json, Value, Number};
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
-use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::RwLock};
+pub mod database;
+pub mod drop;
+pub mod jspg;
+pub mod merger;
+pub mod queryer;
+pub mod validator;
 
-struct BoonCache {
-  schemas: Schemas,
-  id_to_index: HashMap<String, SchemaIndex>,
-}
+use serde_json::json;
+use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 
-// Structure to hold error information without lifetimes
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Error {
-  path: String,
-  code: String,
-  message: String,
-  cause: Value,  // Changed from String to Value to store JSON
-}
-
-lazy_static! {
-  static ref SCHEMA_CACHE: RwLock<BoonCache> = RwLock::new(BoonCache {
-    schemas: Schemas::new(),
-    id_to_index: HashMap::new(),
-  });
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+  // Global Atomic Swap Container:
+  // - RwLock: To protect the SWAP of the Option.
+  // - Option: Because it starts empty.
+  // - Arc: Because multiple running threads might hold the OLD engine while we swap.
+  // - Jspg: The root semantic engine encapsulating the database metadata, validator, queryer, and merger.
+  static ref GLOBAL_JSPG: RwLock<Option<Arc<jspg::Jspg>>> = RwLock::new(None);
 }
 
 #[pg_extern(strict)]
-fn cache_json_schema(schema_id: &str, schema: JsonB, strict: bool) -> JsonB {
-  let mut cache = SCHEMA_CACHE.write().unwrap();
-  let mut schema_value: Value = schema.0;
-  let schema_path = format!("urn:{}", schema_id);
+pub fn jspg_cache_database(database: JsonB) -> JsonB {
+  let new_jspg = crate::jspg::Jspg::new(&database.0);
+  let new_arc = Arc::new(new_jspg);
 
-  // Apply strict validation to all objects in the schema if requested
-  if strict {
-    apply_strict_validation(&mut schema_value);
+  // 3. ATOMIC SWAP
+  {
+    let mut lock = GLOBAL_JSPG.write().unwrap();
+    *lock = Some(new_arc);
   }
 
-  // Create the boon compiler and enable format assertions
-  let mut compiler = Compiler::new();
-  compiler.enable_format_assertions();
-
-  // Use schema_path when adding the resource
-  if let Err(e) = compiler.add_resource(&schema_path, schema_value.clone()) {
-    return JsonB(json!({
-      "errors": [{
-        "code": "SCHEMA_RESOURCE_ADD_FAILED",
-        "message": format!("Failed to add schema resource '{}'", schema_id),
-        "details": {
-          "schema": schema_id,
-          "cause": format!("{}", e)
-        }
-      }]
-    }));
-  }
-
-  // Use schema_path when compiling
-  match compiler.compile(&schema_path, &mut cache.schemas) {
-    Ok(sch_index) => {
-      // Store the index using the original schema_id as the key
-      cache.id_to_index.insert(schema_id.to_string(), sch_index);
-      JsonB(json!({ "response": "success" }))
-    }
-    Err(e) => {
-      let errors = match &e {
-        CompileError::ValidationError { url: _url, src } => {
-          // Collect leaf errors from the meta-schema validation failure
-          let mut error_list = Vec::new();
-          collect_errors(src, &mut error_list);
-          // Filter and format errors properly - no instance for schema compilation
-          format_errors(error_list, &schema_value, schema_id)
-        }
-        _ => {
-          // Other compilation errors
-          vec![json!({
-            "code": "SCHEMA_COMPILATION_FAILED",
-            "message": format!("Schema '{}' compilation failed", schema_id),
-            "details": {
-              "schema": schema_id,
-              "cause": format!("{:?}", e)
-            }
-          })]
-        }
-      };
-      JsonB(json!({ "errors": errors }))
-    }
-  }
+  let drop = crate::drop::Drop::success();
+  JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
 }
+// `mask_json_schema` has been removed as the mask architecture is fully replaced by Spi string queries during DB interactions.
 
-// Helper function to apply strict validation to a schema
-// 
-// This recursively adds unevaluatedProperties: false to object-type schemas,
-// but SKIPS schemas inside if/then/else to avoid breaking conditional validation.
-fn apply_strict_validation(schema: &mut Value) {
-  apply_strict_validation_recursive(schema, false);
-}
+#[pg_extern(strict, parallel_safe)]
+pub fn validate_json_schema(schema_id: &str, instance: JsonB) -> JsonB {
+  // 1. Acquire Snapshot
+  let jspg_arc = {
+    let lock = GLOBAL_JSPG.read().unwrap();
+    lock.clone()
+  };
 
-fn apply_strict_validation_recursive(schema: &mut Value, inside_conditional: bool) {
-  match schema {
-    Value::Object(map) => {
-      // Skip adding strict validation if we're inside a conditional
-      if !inside_conditional {
-        // Add strict validation to object schemas only at top level
-        if let Some(Value::String(t)) = map.get("type") {
-          if t == "object" && !map.contains_key("unevaluatedProperties") && !map.contains_key("additionalProperties") {
-            // At top level, use unevaluatedProperties: false
-            // This considers all evaluated properties from all schemas
-            map.insert("unevaluatedProperties".to_string(), Value::Bool(false));
-          }
+  // 2. Validate (Lock-Free)
+  if let Some(engine) = jspg_arc {
+    match engine.validator.validate(schema_id, &instance.0) {
+      Ok(result) => {
+        if result.is_valid() {
+          let drop = crate::drop::Drop::success();
+          JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
+        } else {
+          let errors: Vec<crate::drop::Error> = result
+            .errors
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|e| crate::drop::Error {
+              code: e.code,
+              message: e.message,
+              details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails { path: e.path },
+            })
+            .collect();
+          let drop = crate::drop::Drop::with_errors(errors);
+          JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
         }
       }
-      
-      // Recurse into all properties
-      for (key, value) in map.iter_mut() {
-        // Mark when we're inside conditional branches
-        let in_conditional = inside_conditional || matches!(key.as_str(), "if" | "then" | "else");
-        apply_strict_validation_recursive(value, in_conditional);
+      Err(e) => {
+        let error = crate::drop::Error {
+          code: e.code,
+          message: e.message,
+          details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails { path: e.path },
+        };
+        let drop = crate::drop::Drop::with_errors(vec![error]);
+        JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
       }
     }
-    Value::Array(arr) => {
-      // Recurse into array items  
-      for item in arr.iter_mut() {
-        apply_strict_validation_recursive(item, inside_conditional);
-      }
-    }
-    _ => {}
+  } else {
+    let error = crate::drop::Error {
+      code: "VALIDATOR_NOT_INITIALIZED".to_string(),
+      message: "The JSPG database has not been cached yet. Run jspg_cache_database()".to_string(),
+      details: crate::drop::ErrorDetails {
+        path: "".to_string(),
+      },
+    };
+    let drop = crate::drop::Drop::with_errors(vec![error]);
+    JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
   }
 }
 
 #[pg_extern(strict, parallel_safe)]
-fn validate_json_schema(schema_id: &str, instance: JsonB) -> JsonB {
-  let cache = SCHEMA_CACHE.read().unwrap();
-  // Lookup uses the original schema_id
-  match cache.id_to_index.get(schema_id) {
-    None => JsonB(json!({
-      "errors": [{
-        "code": "SCHEMA_NOT_FOUND",
-        "message": format!("Schema '{}' not found in cache", schema_id),
-        "details": {
-          "schema": schema_id,
-          "cause": "Schema must be cached before validation"
-        }
-      }]
-    })),
-    Some(sch_index) => {
-      let instance_value: Value = instance.0;
-      match cache.schemas.validate(&instance_value, *sch_index) {
-        Ok(_) => JsonB(json!({ "response": "success" })),
-        Err(validation_error) => {
-          let mut error_list = Vec::new();
-          collect_errors(&validation_error, &mut error_list);
-          let errors = format_errors(error_list, &instance_value, schema_id);
-          // Filter out FALSE_SCHEMA errors if there are other validation errors
-          let filtered_errors = filter_false_schema_errors(errors);
-          if filtered_errors.is_empty() {
-            JsonB(json!({ "response": "success" }))
-          } else {
-            JsonB(json!({ "errors": filtered_errors }))
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// Recursively collects validation errors
-fn collect_errors(error: &ValidationError, errors_list: &mut Vec<Error>) {
-  // Check if this is a structural error that we should skip
-  let is_structural = matches!(
-    &error.kind,
-    ErrorKind::Group | ErrorKind::AllOf | ErrorKind::AnyOf | ErrorKind::Not | ErrorKind::OneOf(_)
-  );
-
-  // Special handling for FalseSchema - if it has causes, use those instead
-  if matches!(&error.kind, ErrorKind::FalseSchema) {
-    if !error.causes.is_empty() {
-      // FalseSchema often wraps more specific errors in if/then conditionals
-      for cause in &error.causes {
-        collect_errors(cause, errors_list);
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-    // If FalseSchema has no causes, it's likely from unevaluatedProperties
-    // We'll handle it as a leaf error below
-  }
-
-  if error.causes.is_empty() && !is_structural {
-    let base_path = error.instance_location.to_string();
-    
-    // Match on error kind and handle each type
-    let errors_to_add = match &error.kind {
-      ErrorKind::Type { got, want } => handle_type_error(&base_path, got, want),
-      ErrorKind::Required { want } => handle_required_error(&base_path, want),
-      ErrorKind::Dependency { prop, missing } => handle_dependency_error(&base_path, prop, missing, false),
-      ErrorKind::DependentRequired { prop, missing } => handle_dependency_error(&base_path, prop, missing, true),
-      ErrorKind::AdditionalProperties { got } => handle_additional_properties_error(&base_path, got),
-      ErrorKind::Enum { want } => handle_enum_error(&base_path, want),
-      ErrorKind::Const { want } => handle_const_error(&base_path, want),
-      ErrorKind::MinLength { got, want } => handle_min_length_error(&base_path, *got, *want),
-      ErrorKind::MaxLength { got, want } => handle_max_length_error(&base_path, *got, *want),
-      ErrorKind::Pattern { got, want } => handle_pattern_error(&base_path, got, want),
-      ErrorKind::Minimum { got, want } => handle_minimum_error(&base_path, got, want),
-      ErrorKind::Maximum { got, want } => handle_maximum_error(&base_path, got, want),
-      ErrorKind::ExclusiveMinimum { got, want } => handle_exclusive_minimum_error(&base_path, got, want),
-      ErrorKind::ExclusiveMaximum { got, want } => handle_exclusive_maximum_error(&base_path, got, want),
-      ErrorKind::MultipleOf { got, want } => handle_multiple_of_error(&base_path, got, want),
-      ErrorKind::MinItems { got, want } => handle_min_items_error(&base_path, *got, *want),
-      ErrorKind::MaxItems { got, want } => handle_max_items_error(&base_path, *got, *want),
-      ErrorKind::UniqueItems { got } => handle_unique_items_error(&base_path, got),
-      ErrorKind::MinProperties { got, want } => handle_min_properties_error(&base_path, *got, *want),
-      ErrorKind::MaxProperties { got, want } => handle_max_properties_error(&base_path, *got, *want),
-      ErrorKind::AdditionalItems { got } => handle_additional_items_error(&base_path, *got),
-      ErrorKind::Format { want, got, err } => handle_format_error(&base_path, want, got, err),
-      ErrorKind::PropertyName { prop } => handle_property_name_error(&base_path, prop),
-      ErrorKind::Contains => handle_contains_error(&base_path),
-      ErrorKind::MinContains { got, want } => handle_min_contains_error(&base_path, got, *want),
-      ErrorKind::MaxContains { got, want } => handle_max_contains_error(&base_path, got, *want),
-      ErrorKind::ContentEncoding { want, err } => handle_content_encoding_error(&base_path, want, err),
-      ErrorKind::ContentMediaType { want, err, .. } => handle_content_media_type_error(&base_path, want, err),
-      ErrorKind::FalseSchema => handle_false_schema_error(&base_path),
-      ErrorKind::Not => handle_not_error(&base_path),
-      ErrorKind::RefCycle { url, kw_loc1, kw_loc2 } => handle_ref_cycle_error(&base_path, url, kw_loc1, kw_loc2),
-      ErrorKind::Reference { kw, url } => handle_reference_error(&base_path, kw, url),
-      ErrorKind::Schema { url } => handle_schema_error(&base_path, url),
-      ErrorKind::ContentSchema => handle_content_schema_error(&base_path),
-      ErrorKind::Group => handle_group_error(&base_path),
-      ErrorKind::AllOf => handle_all_of_error(&base_path),
-      ErrorKind::AnyOf => handle_any_of_error(&base_path),
-      ErrorKind::OneOf(matched) => handle_one_of_error(&base_path, matched),
-    };
-    
-    // Add all generated errors
-    for error in errors_to_add {
-      errors_list.push(error);
+pub fn json_schema_cached(schema_id: &str) -> bool {
+  if let Some(engine) = GLOBAL_JSPG.read().unwrap().as_ref() {
+    match engine
+      .validator
+      .validate(schema_id, &serde_json::Value::Null)
+    {
+      Err(e) if e.code == "SCHEMA_NOT_FOUND" => false,
+      _ => true,
     }
   } else {
-    // Recurse into causes
-    for cause in &error.causes {
-      collect_errors(cause, errors_list);
-    }
+    false
   }
 }
 
-// Handler functions for each error kind
-fn handle_type_error(base_path: &str, got: &Type, want: &Types) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "TYPE_MISMATCH".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Expected {} but got {}", 
-      want.iter().map(|t| t.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" or "), 
-      got
-    ),
-    cause: json!({ 
-      "got": got.to_string(), 
-      "want": want.iter().map(|t| t.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>() 
-    }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_required_error(base_path: &str, want: &[&str]) -> Vec<Error> {
-  // Create a separate error for each missing required field
-  want.iter().map(|missing_field| {
-    let field_path = if base_path.is_empty() {
-      format!("/{}", missing_field)
-    } else {
-      format!("{}/{}", base_path, missing_field)
-    };
-    
-    Error {
-      path: field_path,
-      code: "REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING".to_string(),
-      message: format!("Required field '{}' is missing", missing_field),
-      cause: json!({ "want": [missing_field] }),
-    }
-  }).collect()
-}
-
-fn handle_dependency_error(base_path: &str, prop: &str, missing: &[&str], is_dependent_required: bool) -> Vec<Error> {
-  // Create a separate error for each missing field
-  missing.iter().map(|missing_field| {
-    let field_path = if base_path.is_empty() {
-      format!("/{}", missing_field)
-    } else {
-      format!("{}/{}", base_path, missing_field)
-    };
-    
-    let (code, message) = if is_dependent_required {
-      (
-        "DEPENDENT_REQUIRED_MISSING".to_string(),
-        format!("Field '{}' is required when '{}' is present", missing_field, prop),
-      )
-    } else {
-      (
-        "DEPENDENCY_FAILED".to_string(),
-        format!("Field '{}' is required when '{}' is present", missing_field, prop),
-      )
-    };
-    
-    Error {
-      path: field_path,
-      code,
-      message,
-      cause: json!({ "prop": prop, "missing": [missing_field] }),
-    }
-  }).collect()
-}
-
-fn handle_additional_properties_error(base_path: &str, got: &[Cow<str>]) -> Vec<Error> {
-  // Create a separate error for each additional property that's not allowed
-  got.iter().map(|extra_prop| {
-    let field_path = if base_path.is_empty() {
-      format!("/{}", extra_prop)
-    } else {
-      format!("{}/{}", base_path, extra_prop)
-    };
-    
-    Error {
-      path: field_path,
-      code: "ADDITIONAL_PROPERTIES_NOT_ALLOWED".to_string(),
-      message: format!("Property '{}' is not allowed", extra_prop),
-      cause: json!({ "got": [extra_prop.to_string()] }),
-    }
-  }).collect()
-}
-
-fn handle_enum_error(base_path: &str, want: &[Value]) -> Vec<Error> {
-  let message = if want.len() == 1 {
-    format!("Value must be {}", serde_json::to_string(&want[0]).unwrap_or_else(|_| "unknown".to_string()))
-  } else {
-    format!("Value must be one of: {}", 
-      want.iter()
-        .map(|v| serde_json::to_string(v).unwrap_or_else(|_| "unknown".to_string()))
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        .join(", ")
-    )
-  };
-  
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "ENUM_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message,
-    cause: json!({ "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_const_error(base_path: &str, want: &Value) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "CONST_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Value must be exactly {}", serde_json::to_string(want).unwrap_or_else(|_| "unknown".to_string())),
-    cause: json!({ "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_min_length_error(base_path: &str, got: usize, want: usize) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MIN_LENGTH_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("String length must be at least {} characters, but got {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_max_length_error(base_path: &str, got: usize, want: usize) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MAX_LENGTH_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("String length must be at most {} characters, but got {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_pattern_error(base_path: &str, got: &Cow<str>, want: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  let display_value = if got.len() > 50 { 
-    format!("{}...", &got[..50]) 
-  } else { 
-    got.to_string() 
-  };
-  
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "PATTERN_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Value '{}' does not match pattern '{}'", display_value, want),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got.to_string(), "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_minimum_error(base_path: &str, got: &Cow<Number>, want: &Number) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MINIMUM_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Value must be at least {}, but got {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_maximum_error(base_path: &str, got: &Cow<Number>, want: &Number) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MAXIMUM_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Value must be at most {}, but got {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_exclusive_minimum_error(base_path: &str, got: &Cow<Number>, want: &Number) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "EXCLUSIVE_MINIMUM_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Value must be greater than {}, but got {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_exclusive_maximum_error(base_path: &str, got: &Cow<Number>, want: &Number) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "EXCLUSIVE_MAXIMUM_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Value must be less than {}, but got {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_multiple_of_error(base_path: &str, got: &Cow<Number>, want: &Number) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MULTIPLE_OF_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("{} is not a multiple of {}", got, want),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_min_items_error(base_path: &str, got: usize, want: usize) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MIN_ITEMS_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Array must have at least {} items, but has {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_max_items_error(base_path: &str, got: usize, want: usize) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MAX_ITEMS_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Array must have at most {} items, but has {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_unique_items_error(base_path: &str, got: &[usize; 2]) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "UNIQUE_ITEMS_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Array items at positions {} and {} are duplicates", got[0], got[1]),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_min_properties_error(base_path: &str, got: usize, want: usize) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MIN_PROPERTIES_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Object must have at least {} properties, but has {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_max_properties_error(base_path: &str, got: usize, want: usize) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MAX_PROPERTIES_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Object must have at most {} properties, but has {}", want, got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_additional_items_error(base_path: &str, got: usize) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "ADDITIONAL_ITEMS_NOT_ALLOWED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Last {} array items are not allowed", got),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_format_error(base_path: &str, want: &str, got: &Cow<Value>, err: &Box<dyn std::error::Error>) -> Vec<Error> {
-  // If the value is an empty string, skip format validation.
-  if let Value::String(s) = got.as_ref() {
-    if s.is_empty() {
-      return vec![];
-    }
-  }
-
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "FORMAT_INVALID".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Value {} is not a valid {} format", 
-      serde_json::to_string(got.as_ref()).unwrap_or_else(|_| "unknown".to_string()),
-      want
-    ),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want, "err": err.to_string() }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_property_name_error(base_path: &str, prop: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "INVALID_PROPERTY_NAME".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Property name '{}' is invalid", prop),
-    cause: json!({ "prop": prop }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_contains_error(base_path: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "CONTAINS_FAILED".to_string(),
-    message: "No array items match the required schema".to_string(),
-    cause: json!({}),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_min_contains_error(base_path: &str, got: &[usize], want: usize) -> Vec<Error> {
-  let message = if got.is_empty() {
-    format!("At least {} array items must match the schema, but none do", want)
-  } else {
-    format!("At least {} array items must match the schema, but only {} do (at positions {})", 
-      want, 
-      got.len(), 
-      got.iter().map(|i| i.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ")
-    )
-  };
-  
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MIN_CONTAINS_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message,
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_max_contains_error(base_path: &str, got: &[usize], want: usize) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "MAX_CONTAINS_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("At most {} array items can match the schema, but {} do (at positions {})", 
-      want, 
-      got.len(), 
-      got.iter().map(|i| i.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ")
-    ),
-    cause: json!({ "got": got, "want": want }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_content_encoding_error(base_path: &str, want: &str, err: &Box<dyn std::error::Error>) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "CONTENT_ENCODING_INVALID".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Content is not valid {} encoding: {}", want, err),
-    cause: json!({ "want": want, "err": err.to_string() }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_content_media_type_error(base_path: &str, want: &str, err: &Box<dyn std::error::Error>) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "CONTENT_MEDIA_TYPE_INVALID".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Content is not valid {} media type: {}", want, err),
-    cause: json!({ "want": want, "err": err.to_string() }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_false_schema_error(base_path: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "FALSE_SCHEMA".to_string(),
-    message: "This schema always fails validation".to_string(),
-    cause: json!({}),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_not_error(base_path: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "NOT_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: "Value matches a schema that it should not match".to_string(),
-    cause: json!({}),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_ref_cycle_error(base_path: &str, url: &str, kw_loc1: &str, kw_loc2: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "REFERENCE_CYCLE".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Reference cycle detected: both '{}' and '{}' resolve to '{}'", kw_loc1, kw_loc2, url),
-    cause: json!({ "url": url, "kw_loc1": kw_loc1, "kw_loc2": kw_loc2 }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_reference_error(base_path: &str, kw: &str, url: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "REFERENCE_FAILED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("{} reference to '{}' failed validation", kw, url),
-    cause: json!({ "kw": kw, "url": url }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_schema_error(base_path: &str, url: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "SCHEMA_FAILED".to_string(),
-    message: format!("Schema '{}' validation failed", url),
-    cause: json!({ "url": url }),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_content_schema_error(base_path: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "CONTENT_SCHEMA_FAILED".to_string(),
-    message: "Content schema validation failed".to_string(),
-    cause: json!({}),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_group_error(base_path: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "VALIDATION_FAILED".to_string(),
-    message: "Validation failed".to_string(),
-    cause: json!({}),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_all_of_error(base_path: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "ALL_OF_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: "Value does not match all required schemas".to_string(),
-    cause: json!({}),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_any_of_error(base_path: &str) -> Vec<Error> {
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "ANY_OF_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message: "Value does not match any of the allowed schemas".to_string(),
-    cause: json!({}),
-  }]
-}
-
-fn handle_one_of_error(base_path: &str, matched: &Option<(usize, usize)>) -> Vec<Error> {
-  let (message, cause) = match matched {
-    None => (
-      "Value must match exactly one schema, but matches none".to_string(),
-      json!({ "matched_indices": null })
-    ),
-    Some((i, j)) => (
-      format!("Value must match exactly one schema, but matches schemas at positions {} and {}", i, j),
-      json!({ "matched_indices": [i, j] })
-    ),
-  };
-  
-  vec![Error {
-    path: base_path.to_string(),
-    code: "ONE_OF_VIOLATED".to_string(),
-    message,
-    cause,
-  }]
-}
-
-// Filter out FALSE_SCHEMA errors if there are other validation errors
-fn filter_false_schema_errors(errors: Vec<Value>) -> Vec<Value> {
-  // Check if there are any non-FALSE_SCHEMA errors
-  let has_non_false_schema = errors.iter().any(|e| {
-    e.get("code")
-      .and_then(|c| c.as_str())
-      .map(|code| code != "FALSE_SCHEMA")
-      .unwrap_or(false)
-  });
-  
-  if has_non_false_schema {
-    // Filter out FALSE_SCHEMA errors
-    errors.into_iter()
-      .filter(|e| {
-        e.get("code")
-          .and_then(|c| c.as_str())
-          .map(|code| code != "FALSE_SCHEMA")
-          .unwrap_or(true)
-      })
-      .collect()
-  } else {
-    // Keep all errors (they're all FALSE_SCHEMA)
-    errors
-  }
-}
-
-// Formats errors according to DropError structure
-fn format_errors(errors: Vec<Error>, instance: &Value, schema_id: &str) -> Vec<Value> {
-  // Deduplicate by instance_path and format as DropError
-  let mut unique_errors: HashMap<String, Value> = HashMap::new();
-  for error in errors {
-    if let Entry::Vacant(entry) = unique_errors.entry(error.path.clone()) {
-      // Extract the failing value from the instance
-      let failing_value = extract_value_at_path(instance, &error.path);
-      entry.insert(json!({
-          "code": error.code,
-          "message": error.message,
-          "details": {
-              "path": error.path,
-              "context": failing_value,
-              "cause": error.cause,
-              "schema": schema_id
-          }
-      }));
-    }
-  }
-
-  unique_errors.into_values().collect()
-}
-
-// Helper function to extract value at a JSON pointer path
-fn extract_value_at_path(instance: &Value, path: &str) -> Value {
-  let parts: Vec<&str> = path.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).collect();
-  let mut current = instance;
-
-  for part in parts {
-    match current {
-      Value::Object(map) => {
-        if let Some(value) = map.get(part) {
-          current = value;
-        } else {
-          return Value::Null;
-        }
-      }
-      Value::Array(arr) => {
-        if let Ok(index) = part.parse::<usize>() {
-          if let Some(value) = arr.get(index) {
-            current = value;
-          } else {
-            return Value::Null;
-          }
-        } else {
-          return Value::Null;
-        }
-      }
-      _ => return Value::Null,
-    }
-  }
-
-  current.clone()
-}
-
-#[pg_extern(strict, parallel_safe)]
-fn json_schema_cached(schema_id: &str) -> bool {
-  let cache = SCHEMA_CACHE.read().unwrap();
-  cache.id_to_index.contains_key(schema_id)
-}
-
 #[pg_extern(strict)]
-fn clear_json_schemas() -> JsonB {
-  let mut cache = SCHEMA_CACHE.write().unwrap();
-  *cache = BoonCache {
-    schemas: Schemas::new(),
-    id_to_index: HashMap::new(),
-  };
-  JsonB(json!({ "response": "success" }))
+pub fn clear_json_schemas() -> JsonB {
+  let mut lock = GLOBAL_JSPG.write().unwrap();
+  *lock = None;
+  let drop = crate::drop::Drop::success();
+  JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
 }
 
 #[pg_extern(strict, parallel_safe)]
-fn show_json_schemas() -> JsonB {
-  let cache = SCHEMA_CACHE.read().unwrap();
-  let ids: Vec<String> = cache.id_to_index.keys().cloned().collect();
-  JsonB(json!({ "response": ids }))
-}
-
-/// This module is required by `cargo pgrx test` invocations.
-/// It must be visible at the root of your extension crate.
-#[cfg(test)]
-pub mod pg_test {
-  pub fn setup(_options: Vec<&str>) {
-    // perform one-off initialization when the pg_test framework starts
-  }
-
-  #[must_use]
-  pub fn postgresql_conf_options() -> Vec<&'static str> {
-    // return any postgresql.conf settings that are required for your tests
-    vec![]
+pub fn show_json_schemas() -> JsonB {
+  if let Some(engine) = GLOBAL_JSPG.read().unwrap().as_ref() {
+    let mut keys = engine.validator.get_schema_ids();
+    keys.sort();
+    let drop = crate::drop::Drop::success_with_val(json!(keys));
+    JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
+  } else {
+    let drop = crate::drop::Drop::success_with_val(json!([]));
+    JsonB(serde_json::to_value(drop).unwrap())
   }
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "pg_test"))]
 #[pg_schema]
 mod tests {
-  include!("tests.rs");
+  use pgrx::prelude::*;
+  include!("tests/fixtures.rs");
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod pg_test {
+  pub fn setup(_options: Vec<&str>) {
+    // perform any initialization common to all tests
+  }
+
+  pub fn postgresql_conf_options() -> Vec<&'static str> {
+    // return any postgresql.conf settings that are required for your tests
+    vec![]
+  }
 }

src/merger/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+pub struct Merger {
+  // To be implemented
+}
+
+impl Default for Merger {
+  fn default() -> Self {
+    Self::new()
+  }
+}
+
+impl Merger {
+  pub fn new() -> Self {
+    Self {}
+  }
+}

src/queryer/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+pub struct Queryer {
+  // To be implemented
+}
+
+impl Default for Queryer {
+  fn default() -> Self {
+    Self::new()
+  }
+}
+
+impl Queryer {
+  pub fn new() -> Self {
+    Self {}
+  }
+}

src/validator/context.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use crate::database::Database;
+use crate::database::schema::Schema;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+pub struct ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub db: &'a Arc<Database>,
+  pub root: &'a Schema,
+  pub schema: &'a Schema,
+  pub instance: &'a serde_json::Value,
+  pub path: String,
+  pub depth: usize,
+  pub extensible: bool,
+  pub reporter: bool,
+  pub overrides: HashSet<String>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub fn new(
+    db: &'a Arc<Database>,
+    root: &'a Schema,
+    schema: &'a Schema,
+    instance: &'a serde_json::Value,
+    overrides: HashSet<String>,
+    extensible: bool,
+    reporter: bool,
+  ) -> Self {
+    let effective_extensible = schema.extensible.unwrap_or(extensible);
+    Self {
+      db,
+      root,
+      schema,
+      instance,
+      path: String::new(),
+      depth: 0,
+      extensible: effective_extensible,
+      reporter,
+      overrides,
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn derive(
+    &self,
+    schema: &'a Schema,
+    instance: &'a serde_json::Value,
+    path: &str,
+    overrides: HashSet<String>,
+    extensible: bool,
+    reporter: bool,
+  ) -> Self {
+    let effective_extensible = schema.extensible.unwrap_or(extensible);
+
+    Self {
+      db: self.db,
+      root: self.root,
+      schema,
+      instance,
+      path: path.to_string(),
+      depth: self.depth + 1,
+      extensible: effective_extensible,
+      reporter,
+      overrides,
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn derive_for_schema(&self, schema: &'a Schema, reporter: bool) -> Self {
+    self.derive(
+      schema,
+      self.instance,
+      &self.path,
+      HashSet::new(),
+      self.extensible,
+      reporter,
+    )
+  }
+
+  pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<ValidationResult, ValidationError> {
+    self.validate_scoped()
+  }
+}

src/validator/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct ValidationError {
+  pub code: String,
+  pub message: String,
+  pub path: String,
+}

src/validator/instance.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use serde_json::Value;
+use HashSet;
+use std::ptr::NonNull;
+
+pub trait ValidationInstance<'a>: Copy + Clone {
+  fn as_value(&self) -> &'a Value;
+  fn child_at_key(&self, key: &str) -> Option<Self>;
+  fn child_at_index(&self, idx: usize) -> Option<Self>;
+  fn prune_object(&self, _keys: &HashSet<String>) {}
+  fn prune_array(&self, _indices: &HashSet<usize>) {}
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct ReadOnlyInstance<'a>(pub &'a Value);
+
+impl<'a> ValidationInstance<'a> for ReadOnlyInstance<'a> {
+  fn as_value(&self) -> &'a Value {
+    self.0
+  }
+
+  fn child_at_key(&self, key: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+    self.0.get(key).map(ReadOnlyInstance)
+  }
+
+  fn child_at_index(&self, idx: usize) -> Option<Self> {
+    self.0.get(idx).map(ReadOnlyInstance)
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct MutableInstance {
+  ptr: NonNull<Value>,
+}
+
+impl MutableInstance {
+  pub fn new(val: &mut Value) -> Self {
+    Self {
+      ptr: NonNull::from(val),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ValidationInstance<'a> for MutableInstance {
+  fn as_value(&self) -> &'a Value {
+    unsafe { self.ptr.as_ref() }
+  }
+
+  fn child_at_key(&self, key: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+    unsafe {
+      if let Some(obj) = self.ptr.as_ref().as_object() {
+        if obj.contains_key(key) {
+          let parent_mut = &mut *self.ptr.as_ptr();
+          if let Some(child_val) = parent_mut.get_mut(key) {
+            return Some(MutableInstance::new(child_val));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      None
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn child_at_index(&self, idx: usize) -> Option<Self> {
+    unsafe {
+      if let Some(arr) = self.ptr.as_ref().as_array() {
+        if idx < arr.len() {
+          let parent_mut = &mut *self.ptr.as_ptr();
+          if let Some(child_val) = parent_mut.get_mut(idx) {
+            return Some(MutableInstance::new(child_val));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      None
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn prune_object(&self, keys: &HashSet<String>) {
+    unsafe {
+      let val_mut = &mut *self.ptr.as_ptr();
+      if let Some(obj) = val_mut.as_object_mut() {
+        obj.retain(|k, _| keys.contains(k));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn prune_array(&self, indices: &HashSet<usize>) {
+    unsafe {
+      let val_mut = &mut *self.ptr.as_ptr();
+      if let Some(arr) = val_mut.as_array_mut() {
+        let mut i = 0;
+        arr.retain(|_| {
+          let keep = indices.contains(&i);
+          i += 1;
+          keep
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

src/validator/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+pub mod context;
+pub mod error;
+pub mod result;
+pub mod rules;
+pub mod util;
+
+pub use context::ValidationContext;
+pub use error::ValidationError;
+pub use result::ValidationResult;
+
+use crate::database::Database;
+use crate::validator::rules::util::is_integer;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+pub struct Validator {
+  pub db: Arc<Database>,
+}
+
+impl Validator {
+  pub fn new(db: Arc<Database>) -> Self {
+    Self { db }
+  }
+
+  pub fn get_schema_ids(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+    self.db.schemas.keys().cloned().collect()
+  }
+
+  pub fn check_type(t: &str, val: &Value) -> bool {
+    if let Value::String(s) = val
+      && s.is_empty()
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+    match t {
+      "null" => val.is_null(),
+      "boolean" => val.is_boolean(),
+      "string" => val.is_string(),
+      "number" => val.is_number(),
+      "integer" => is_integer(val),
+      "object" => val.is_object(),
+      "array" => val.is_array(),
+      _ => true,
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn validate(
+    &self,
+    schema_id: &str,
+    instance: &Value,
+  ) -> Result<ValidationResult, ValidationError> {
+    if let Some(schema) = self.db.schemas.get(schema_id) {
+      let ctx = ValidationContext::new(
+        &self.db,
+        schema,
+        schema,
+        instance,
+        HashSet::new(),
+        false,
+        false,
+      );
+      ctx.validate_scoped()
+    } else {
+      Err(ValidationError {
+        code: "SCHEMA_NOT_FOUND".to_string(),
+        message: format!("Schema {} not found", schema_id),
+        path: "".to_string(),
+      })
+    }
+  }
+}

src/validator/result.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct ValidationResult {
+  pub errors: Vec<ValidationError>,
+  #[serde(skip)]
+  pub evaluated_keys: HashSet<String>,
+  #[serde(skip)]
+  pub evaluated_indices: HashSet<usize>,
+}
+
+impl ValidationResult {
+  pub fn new() -> Self {
+    Self::default()
+  }
+
+  pub fn merge(&mut self, other: ValidationResult) {
+    self.errors.extend(other.errors);
+    self.evaluated_keys.extend(other.evaluated_keys);
+    self.evaluated_indices.extend(other.evaluated_indices);
+  }
+
+  pub fn is_valid(&self) -> bool {
+    self.errors.is_empty()
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/array.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_array(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    let current = self.instance;
+    if let Some(arr) = current.as_array() {
+      if let Some(min) = self.schema.min_items
+        && (arr.len() as f64) < min
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "MIN_ITEMS".to_string(),
+          message: "Too few items".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+      if let Some(max) = self.schema.max_items
+        && (arr.len() as f64) > max
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "MAX_ITEMS".to_string(),
+          message: "Too many items".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+
+      if self.schema.unique_items.unwrap_or(false) {
+        let mut seen: Vec<&Value> = Vec::new();
+        for item in arr {
+          if seen.contains(&item) {
+            result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+              code: "UNIQUE_ITEMS_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+              message: "Array has duplicate items".to_string(),
+              path: self.path.to_string(),
+            });
+            break;
+          }
+          seen.push(item);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if let Some(ref contains_schema) = self.schema.contains {
+        let mut _match_count = 0;
+        for (i, child_instance) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+          let derived = self.derive(
+            contains_schema,
+            child_instance,
+            &self.path,
+            HashSet::new(),
+            self.extensible,
+            false,
+          );
+
+          let check = derived.validate()?;
+          if check.is_valid() {
+            _match_count += 1;
+            result.evaluated_indices.insert(i);
+          }
+        }
+
+        let min = self.schema.min_contains.unwrap_or(1.0) as usize;
+        if _match_count < min {
+          result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+            code: "CONTAINS_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+            message: format!("Contains matches {} < min {}", _match_count, min),
+            path: self.path.to_string(),
+          });
+        }
+        if let Some(max) = self.schema.max_contains
+          && _match_count > max as usize
+        {
+          result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+            code: "CONTAINS_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+            message: format!("Contains matches {} > max {}", _match_count, max),
+            path: self.path.to_string(),
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      let len = arr.len();
+      let mut validation_index = 0;
+
+      if let Some(ref prefix) = self.schema.prefix_items {
+        for (i, sub_schema) in prefix.iter().enumerate() {
+          if i < len {
+            let path = format!("{}/{}", self.path, i);
+            if let Some(child_instance) = arr.get(i) {
+              let derived = self.derive(
+                sub_schema,
+                child_instance,
+                &path,
+                HashSet::new(),
+                self.extensible,
+                false,
+              );
+              let item_res = derived.validate()?;
+              result.merge(item_res);
+              result.evaluated_indices.insert(i);
+              validation_index += 1;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if let Some(ref items_schema) = self.schema.items {
+        for i in validation_index..len {
+          let path = format!("{}/{}", self.path, i);
+          if let Some(child_instance) = arr.get(i) {
+            let derived = self.derive(
+              items_schema,
+              child_instance,
+              &path,
+              HashSet::new(),
+              self.extensible,
+              false,
+            );
+            let item_res = derived.validate()?;
+            result.merge(item_res);
+            result.evaluated_indices.insert(i);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/combinators.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_combinators(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    if let Some(ref all_of) = self.schema.all_of {
+      for sub in all_of {
+        let derived = self.derive_for_schema(sub, true);
+        let res = derived.validate()?;
+        result.merge(res);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(ref one_of) = self.schema.one_of {
+      let mut passed_candidates: Vec<(Option<String>, usize, ValidationResult)> = Vec::new();
+
+      for sub in one_of {
+        let derived = self.derive_for_schema(sub, true);
+        let sub_res = derived.validate()?;
+        if sub_res.is_valid() {
+          let child_id = sub.id.clone();
+          let depth = child_id
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|id| self.db.depths.get(id).copied())
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+          passed_candidates.push((child_id, depth, sub_res));
+        }
+      }
+
+      if passed_candidates.len() == 1 {
+        result.merge(passed_candidates.pop().unwrap().2);
+      } else if passed_candidates.is_empty() {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "NO_ONEOF_MATCH".to_string(),
+          message: "Matches none of oneOf schemas".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      } else {
+        // Apply depth heuristic tie-breaker
+        let mut best_depth: Option<usize> = None;
+        let mut ambiguous = false;
+        let mut best_res = None;
+
+        for (_, depth, res) in passed_candidates.into_iter() {
+          if let Some(current_best) = best_depth {
+            if depth > current_best {
+              best_depth = Some(depth);
+              best_res = Some(res);
+              ambiguous = false;
+            } else if depth == current_best {
+              ambiguous = true;
+            }
+          } else {
+            best_depth = Some(depth);
+            best_res = Some(res);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if !ambiguous {
+          if let Some(res) = best_res {
+            result.merge(res);
+            return Ok(true);
+          }
+        }
+
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "AMBIGUOUS_ONEOF_MATCH".to_string(),
+          message: "Matches multiple oneOf schemas without a clear depth winner".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(ref not_schema) = self.schema.not {
+      let derived = self.derive_for_schema(not_schema, true);
+      let sub_res = derived.validate()?;
+      if sub_res.is_valid() {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "NOT_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+          message: "Matched 'not' schema".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/conditionals.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_conditionals(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    if let Some(ref if_schema) = self.schema.if_ {
+      let derived_if = self.derive_for_schema(if_schema, true);
+      let if_res = derived_if.validate()?;
+
+      result.evaluated_keys.extend(if_res.evaluated_keys.clone());
+      result
+        .evaluated_indices
+        .extend(if_res.evaluated_indices.clone());
+
+      if if_res.is_valid() {
+        if let Some(ref then_schema) = self.schema.then_ {
+          let derived_then = self.derive_for_schema(then_schema, true);
+          result.merge(derived_then.validate()?);
+        }
+      } else if let Some(ref else_schema) = self.schema.else_ {
+        let derived_else = self.derive_for_schema(else_schema, true);
+        result.merge(derived_else.validate()?);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn validate_strictness(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    if self.extensible || self.reporter {
+      return Ok(true);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(obj) = self.instance.as_object() {
+      for key in obj.keys() {
+        if !result.evaluated_keys.contains(key) && !self.overrides.contains(key) {
+          result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+            code: "STRICT_PROPERTY_VIOLATION".to_string(),
+            message: format!("Unexpected property '{}'", key),
+            path: format!("{}/{}", self.path, key),
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(arr) = self.instance.as_array() {
+      for i in 0..arr.len() {
+        if !result.evaluated_indices.contains(&i) {
+          result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+            code: "STRICT_ITEM_VIOLATION".to_string(),
+            message: format!("Unexpected item at index {}", i),
+            path: format!("{}/{}", self.path, i),
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/core.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use crate::validator::Validator;
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+use crate::validator::rules::util::equals;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_core(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    let current = self.instance;
+
+    if let Some(ref type_) = self.schema.type_ {
+      match type_ {
+        crate::database::schema::SchemaTypeOrArray::Single(t) => {
+          if !Validator::check_type(t, current) {
+            result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+              code: "INVALID_TYPE".to_string(),
+              message: format!("Expected type '{}'", t),
+              path: self.path.to_string(),
+            });
+          }
+        }
+        crate::database::schema::SchemaTypeOrArray::Multiple(types) => {
+          let mut valid = false;
+          for t in types {
+            if Validator::check_type(t, current) {
+              valid = true;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          if !valid {
+            result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+              code: "INVALID_TYPE".to_string(),
+              message: format!("Expected one of types {:?}", types),
+              path: self.path.to_string(),
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(ref const_val) = self.schema.const_ {
+      if !equals(current, const_val) {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "CONST_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+          message: "Value does not match const".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      } else if let Some(obj) = current.as_object() {
+        result.evaluated_keys.extend(obj.keys().cloned());
+      } else if let Some(arr) = current.as_array() {
+        result.evaluated_indices.extend(0..arr.len());
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(ref enum_vals) = self.schema.enum_ {
+      let mut found = false;
+      for val in enum_vals {
+        if equals(current, val) {
+          found = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if !found {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "ENUM_MISMATCH".to_string(),
+          message: "Value is not in enum".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      } else if let Some(obj) = current.as_object() {
+        result.evaluated_keys.extend(obj.keys().cloned());
+      } else if let Some(arr) = current.as_array() {
+        result.evaluated_indices.extend(0..arr.len());
+      }
+    }
+
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/format.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_format(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    let current = self.instance;
+    if let Some(ref compiled_fmt) = self.schema.compiled_format {
+      match compiled_fmt {
+        crate::database::schema::CompiledFormat::Func(f) => {
+          let should = if let Some(s) = current.as_str() {
+            !s.is_empty()
+          } else {
+            true
+          };
+          if should && let Err(e) = f(current) {
+            result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+              code: "FORMAT_MISMATCH".to_string(),
+              message: format!("Format error: {}", e),
+              path: self.path.to_string(),
+            });
+          }
+        }
+        crate::database::schema::CompiledFormat::Regex(re) => {
+          if let Some(s) = current.as_str()
+            && !re.is_match(s)
+          {
+            result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+              code: "FORMAT_MISMATCH".to_string(),
+              message: "Format regex mismatch".to_string(),
+              path: self.path.to_string(),
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+
+pub mod array;
+pub mod combinators;
+pub mod conditionals;
+pub mod core;
+pub mod format;
+pub mod numeric;
+pub mod object;
+pub mod polymorphism;
+pub mod string;
+pub mod util;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_scoped(&self) -> Result<ValidationResult, ValidationError> {
+    let mut result = ValidationResult::new();
+
+    // Structural Limits
+    if !self.validate_depth(&mut result)? {
+      return Ok(result);
+    }
+    if !self.validate_always_fail(&mut result)? {
+      return Ok(result);
+    }
+    if !self.validate_family(&mut result)? {
+      return Ok(result);
+    }
+    if !self.validate_refs(&mut result)? {
+      return Ok(result);
+    }
+
+    // Core Type Constraints
+    self.validate_core(&mut result)?;
+    self.validate_numeric(&mut result)?;
+    self.validate_string(&mut result)?;
+    self.validate_format(&mut result)?;
+
+    // Complex Structures
+    self.validate_object(&mut result)?;
+    self.validate_array(&mut result)?;
+
+    // Multipliers & Conditionals
+    self.validate_combinators(&mut result)?;
+    self.validate_conditionals(&mut result)?;
+
+    // State Tracking
+    self.validate_extensible(&mut result)?;
+    self.validate_strictness(&mut result)?;
+
+    Ok(result)
+  }
+
+  fn validate_depth(&self, _result: &mut ValidationResult) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    if self.depth > 100 {
+      Err(ValidationError {
+        code: "RECURSION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED".to_string(),
+        message: "Recursion limit exceeded".to_string(),
+        path: self.path.to_string(),
+      })
+    } else {
+      Ok(true)
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn validate_always_fail(&self, result: &mut ValidationResult) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    if self.schema.always_fail {
+      result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+        code: "FALSE_SCHEMA".to_string(),
+        message: "Schema is false".to_string(),
+        path: self.path.to_string(),
+      });
+      // Short-circuit
+      Ok(false)
+    } else {
+      Ok(true)
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn validate_extensible(&self, result: &mut ValidationResult) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    if self.extensible {
+      if let Some(obj) = self.instance.as_object() {
+        result.evaluated_keys.extend(obj.keys().cloned());
+      } else if let Some(arr) = self.instance.as_array() {
+        result.evaluated_indices.extend(0..arr.len());
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/numeric.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_numeric(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    let current = self.instance;
+    if let Some(num) = current.as_f64() {
+      if let Some(min) = self.schema.minimum
+        && num < min
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "MINIMUM_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+          message: format!("Value {} < min {}", num, min),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+      if let Some(max) = self.schema.maximum
+        && num > max
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "MAXIMUM_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+          message: format!("Value {} > max {}", num, max),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+      if let Some(ex_min) = self.schema.exclusive_minimum
+        && num <= ex_min
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "EXCLUSIVE_MINIMUM_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+          message: format!("Value {} <= ex_min {}", num, ex_min),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+      if let Some(ex_max) = self.schema.exclusive_maximum
+        && num >= ex_max
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "EXCLUSIVE_MAXIMUM_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+          message: format!("Value {} >= ex_max {}", num, ex_max),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+      if let Some(multiple_of) = self.schema.multiple_of {
+        let val: f64 = num / multiple_of;
+        if (val - val.round()).abs() > f64::EPSILON {
+          result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+            code: "MULTIPLE_OF_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+            message: format!("Value {} not multiple of {}", num, multiple_of),
+            path: self.path.to_string(),
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/object.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_object(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    let current = self.instance;
+    if let Some(obj) = current.as_object() {
+      // Entity Bound Implicit Type Validation
+      if let Some(lookup_key) = self.schema.id.as_ref().or(self.schema.r#ref.as_ref()) {
+        let base_type_name = lookup_key.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or("").to_string();
+        if let Some(type_def) = self.db.types.get(&base_type_name)
+          && let Some(type_val) = obj.get("type")
+          && let Some(type_str) = type_val.as_str()
+        {
+          if type_def.variations.contains(type_str) {
+            // Ensure it passes strict mode
+            result.evaluated_keys.insert("type".to_string());
+          } else {
+            result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+              code: "CONST_VIOLATED".to_string(), // Aligning with original const override errors
+              message: format!(
+                "Type '{}' is not a valid descendant for this entity bound schema",
+                type_str
+              ),
+              path: format!("{}/type", self.path),
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if let Some(min) = self.schema.min_properties
+        && (obj.len() as f64) < min
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "MIN_PROPERTIES".to_string(),
+          message: "Too few properties".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+      if let Some(max) = self.schema.max_properties
+        && (obj.len() as f64) > max
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "MAX_PROPERTIES".to_string(),
+          message: "Too many properties".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+      if let Some(ref req) = self.schema.required {
+        for field in req {
+          if !obj.contains_key(field) {
+            result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+              code: "REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING".to_string(),
+              message: format!("Missing {}", field),
+              path: format!("{}/{}", self.path, field),
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if let Some(ref deps) = self.schema.dependencies {
+        for (prop, dep) in deps {
+          if obj.contains_key(prop) {
+            match dep {
+              crate::database::schema::Dependency::Props(required_props) => {
+                for req_prop in required_props {
+                  if !obj.contains_key(req_prop) {
+                    result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+                      code: "DEPENDENCY_MISSING".to_string(),
+                      message: format!("Property '{}' requires property '{}'", prop, req_prop),
+                      path: self.path.to_string(),
+                    });
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+              crate::database::schema::Dependency::Schema(dep_schema) => {
+                let derived = self.derive_for_schema(dep_schema, false);
+                let dep_res = derived.validate()?;
+                result.evaluated_keys.extend(dep_res.evaluated_keys.clone());
+                result.merge(dep_res);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if let Some(props) = &self.schema.properties {
+        for (key, sub_schema) in props {
+          if self.overrides.contains(key) {
+            continue; // Skip validation if exactly this property was overridden by a child
+          }
+
+          if let Some(child_instance) = obj.get(key) {
+            let new_path = format!("{}/{}", self.path, key);
+            let is_ref = sub_schema.r#ref.is_some();
+            let next_extensible = if is_ref { false } else { self.extensible };
+
+            let derived = self.derive(
+              sub_schema,
+              child_instance,
+              &new_path,
+              HashSet::new(),
+              next_extensible,
+              false,
+            );
+            let mut item_res = derived.validate()?;
+
+            // Entity Bound Implicit Type Interception
+            if key == "type"
+              && let Some(lookup_key) = sub_schema.id.as_ref().or(sub_schema.r#ref.as_ref())
+            {
+              let base_type_name = lookup_key.split('.').next_back().unwrap_or("").to_string();
+              if let Some(type_def) = self.db.types.get(&base_type_name)
+                && let Some(instance_type) = child_instance.as_str()
+                && type_def.variations.contains(instance_type)
+              {
+                item_res
+                  .errors
+                  .retain(|e| e.code != "CONST_VIOLATED" && e.code != "ENUM_VIOLATED");
+              }
+            }
+
+            result.merge(item_res);
+            result.evaluated_keys.insert(key.to_string());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if let Some(ref compiled_pp) = self.schema.compiled_pattern_properties {
+        for (compiled_re, sub_schema) in compiled_pp {
+          for (key, child_instance) in obj {
+            if compiled_re.0.is_match(key) {
+              let new_path = format!("{}/{}", self.path, key);
+              let is_ref = sub_schema.r#ref.is_some();
+              let next_extensible = if is_ref { false } else { self.extensible };
+
+              let derived = self.derive(
+                sub_schema,
+                child_instance,
+                &new_path,
+                HashSet::new(),
+                next_extensible,
+                false,
+              );
+              let item_res = derived.validate()?;
+              result.merge(item_res);
+              result.evaluated_keys.insert(key.to_string());
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if let Some(ref additional_schema) = self.schema.additional_properties {
+        for (key, child_instance) in obj {
+          let mut locally_matched = false;
+          if let Some(props) = &self.schema.properties
+            && props.contains_key(&key.to_string())
+          {
+            locally_matched = true;
+          }
+          if !locally_matched && let Some(ref compiled_pp) = self.schema.compiled_pattern_properties
+          {
+            for (compiled_re, _) in compiled_pp {
+              if compiled_re.0.is_match(key) {
+                locally_matched = true;
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          if !locally_matched {
+            let new_path = format!("{}/{}", self.path, key);
+            let is_ref = additional_schema.r#ref.is_some();
+            let next_extensible = if is_ref { false } else { self.extensible };
+
+            let derived = self.derive(
+              additional_schema,
+              child_instance,
+              &new_path,
+              HashSet::new(),
+              next_extensible,
+              false,
+            );
+            let item_res = derived.validate()?;
+            result.merge(item_res);
+            result.evaluated_keys.insert(key.to_string());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if let Some(ref property_names) = self.schema.property_names {
+        for key in obj.keys() {
+          let _new_path = format!("{}/propertyNames/{}", self.path, key);
+          let val_str = Value::String(key.to_string());
+
+          let ctx = ValidationContext::new(
+            self.db,
+            self.root,
+            property_names,
+            &val_str,
+            HashSet::new(),
+            self.extensible,
+            self.reporter,
+          );
+
+          result.merge(ctx.validate()?);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/polymorphism.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_family(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    if self.schema.family.is_some() {
+      let conflicts = self.schema.type_.is_some()
+        || self.schema.properties.is_some()
+        || self.schema.required.is_some()
+        || self.schema.additional_properties.is_some()
+        || self.schema.items.is_some()
+        || self.schema.r#ref.is_some()
+        || self.schema.one_of.is_some()
+        || self.schema.all_of.is_some()
+        || self.schema.enum_.is_some()
+        || self.schema.const_.is_some();
+
+      if conflicts {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "INVALID_SCHEMA".to_string(),
+          message: "$family must be used exclusively without other constraints".to_string(),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+        // Short-circuit: the schema formulation is broken
+        return Ok(false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(family_target) = &self.schema.family {
+      // The descendants map is keyed by the schema's own $id, not the target string.
+      if let Some(schema_id) = &self.schema.id
+        && let Some(descendants) = self.db.descendants.get(schema_id)
+      {
+        // Validate against all descendants simulating strict oneOf logic
+        let mut passed_candidates: Vec<(String, usize, ValidationResult)> = Vec::new();
+
+        // The target itself is also an implicitly valid candidate
+        let mut all_targets = vec![family_target.clone()];
+        all_targets.extend(descendants.clone());
+
+        for child_id in &all_targets {
+          if let Some(child_schema) = self.db.schemas.get(child_id) {
+            let derived = self.derive(
+              child_schema,
+              self.instance,
+              &self.path,
+              self.overrides.clone(),
+              self.extensible,
+              self.reporter, // Inherit parent reporter flag, do not bypass strictness!
+            );
+
+            // Explicitly run validate_scoped to accurately test candidates with strictness checks enabled
+            let res = derived.validate_scoped()?;
+
+            if res.is_valid() {
+              let depth = self.db.depths.get(child_id).copied().unwrap_or(0);
+              passed_candidates.push((child_id.clone(), depth, res));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        if passed_candidates.len() == 1 {
+          result.merge(passed_candidates.pop().unwrap().2);
+        } else if passed_candidates.is_empty() {
+          result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+            code: "NO_FAMILY_MATCH".to_string(),
+            message: format!(
+              "Payload did not match any descendants of family '{}'",
+              family_target
+            ),
+            path: self.path.to_string(),
+          });
+        } else {
+          // Apply depth heuristic tie-breaker
+          let mut best_depth: Option<usize> = None;
+          let mut ambiguous = false;
+          let mut best_res = None;
+
+          for (_, depth, res) in passed_candidates.into_iter() {
+            if let Some(current_best) = best_depth {
+              if depth > current_best {
+                best_depth = Some(depth);
+                best_res = Some(res);
+                ambiguous = false; // Broke the tie
+              } else if depth == current_best {
+                ambiguous = true; // Tie at the highest level
+              }
+            } else {
+              best_depth = Some(depth);
+              best_res = Some(res);
+            }
+          }
+
+          if !ambiguous {
+            if let Some(res) = best_res {
+              result.merge(res);
+              return Ok(true);
+            }
+          }
+
+          result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+            code: "AMBIGUOUS_FAMILY_MATCH".to_string(),
+            message: format!(
+              "Payload matched multiple descendants of family '{}' without a clear depth winner",
+              family_target
+            ),
+            path: self.path.to_string(),
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn validate_refs(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    // 1. Core $ref logic relies on the fast O(1) map to allow cycles and proper nesting
+    if let Some(ref_str) = &self.schema.r#ref {
+      if let Some(global_schema) = self.db.schemas.get(ref_str) {
+        let mut new_overrides = self.overrides.clone();
+        if let Some(props) = &self.schema.properties {
+          new_overrides.extend(props.keys().map(|k| k.to_string()));
+        }
+
+        let mut shadow = self.derive(
+          global_schema,
+          self.instance,
+          &self.path,
+          new_overrides,
+          self.extensible,
+          true,
+        );
+        shadow.root = global_schema;
+        result.merge(shadow.validate()?);
+      } else {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "REF_RESOLUTION_FAILED".to_string(),
+          message: format!(
+            "Reference pointer to '{}' was not found in schema registry",
+            ref_str
+          ),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/string.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+use crate::validator::context::ValidationContext;
+use crate::validator::error::ValidationError;
+use crate::validator::result::ValidationResult;
+use regex::Regex;
+
+impl<'a> ValidationContext<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn validate_string(
+    &self,
+    result: &mut ValidationResult,
+  ) -> Result<bool, ValidationError> {
+    let current = self.instance;
+    if let Some(s) = current.as_str() {
+      if let Some(min) = self.schema.min_length
+        && (s.chars().count() as f64) < min
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "MIN_LENGTH_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+          message: format!("Length < min {}", min),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+      if let Some(max) = self.schema.max_length
+        && (s.chars().count() as f64) > max
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "MAX_LENGTH_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+          message: format!("Length > max {}", max),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+      if let Some(ref compiled_re) = self.schema.compiled_pattern {
+        if !compiled_re.0.is_match(s) {
+          result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+            code: "PATTERN_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+            message: format!("Pattern mismatch {:?}", self.schema.pattern),
+            path: self.path.to_string(),
+          });
+        }
+      } else if let Some(ref pattern) = self.schema.pattern
+        && let Ok(re) = Regex::new(pattern)
+        && !re.is_match(s)
+      {
+        result.errors.push(ValidationError {
+          code: "PATTERN_VIOLATED".to_string(),
+          message: format!("Pattern mismatch {}", pattern),
+          path: self.path.to_string(),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(true)
+  }
+}

src/validator/rules/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+pub fn is_integer(v: &Value) -> bool {
+  match v {
+    Value::Number(n) => {
+      n.is_i64() || n.is_u64() || n.as_f64().filter(|n| n.fract() == 0.0).is_some()
+    }
+    _ => false,
+  }
+}
+
+/// serde_json treats 0 and 0.0 not equal. so we cannot simply use v1==v2
+pub fn equals(v1: &Value, v2: &Value) -> bool {
+  match (v1, v2) {
+    (Value::Null, Value::Null) => true,
+    (Value::Bool(b1), Value::Bool(b2)) => b1 == b2,
+    (Value::Number(n1), Value::Number(n2)) => {
+      if let (Some(n1), Some(n2)) = (n1.as_u64(), n2.as_u64()) {
+        return n1 == n2;
+      }
+      if let (Some(n1), Some(n2)) = (n1.as_i64(), n2.as_i64()) {
+        return n1 == n2;
+      }
+      if let (Some(n1), Some(n2)) = (n1.as_f64(), n2.as_f64()) {
+        return (n1 - n2).abs() < f64::EPSILON;
+      }
+      false
+    }
+    (Value::String(s1), Value::String(s2)) => s1 == s2,
+    (Value::Array(arr1), Value::Array(arr2)) => {
+      if arr1.len() != arr2.len() {
+        return false;
+      }
+      arr1.iter().zip(arr2).all(|(e1, e2)| equals(e1, e2))
+    }
+    (Value::Object(obj1), Value::Object(obj2)) => {
+      if obj1.len() != obj2.len() {
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (k1, v1) in obj1 {
+        if let Some(v2) = obj2.get(k1) {
+          if !equals(v1, v2) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        } else {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      true
+    }
+    _ => false,
+  }
+}

src/validator/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::fs;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct TestSuite {
+  #[allow(dead_code)]
+  description: String,
+  database: serde_json::Value,
+  tests: Vec<TestCase>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct TestCase {
+  description: String,
+  data: serde_json::Value,
+  valid: bool,
+  // Support explicit schema ID target for test case
+  schema_id: String,
+}
+
+// use crate::validator::registry::REGISTRY; // No longer used directly for tests!
+use crate::validator::Validator;
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+pub fn deserialize_some<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<Value>, D::Error>
+where
+  D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+{
+  let v = Value::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+  Ok(Some(v))
+}
+
+pub fn run_test_file_at_index(path: &str, index: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
+  let content =
+    fs::read_to_string(path).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Failed to read file: {}", path));
+  let suite: Vec<TestSuite> = serde_json::from_str(&content)
+    .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Failed to parse JSON in {}: {}", path, e));
+
+  if index >= suite.len() {
+    panic!("Index {} out of bounds for file {}", index, path);
+  }
+
+  let group = &suite[index];
+  let mut failures = Vec::<String>::new();
+
+  let db_json = group.database.clone();
+  let db = crate::database::Database::new(&db_json);
+  let validator = Validator::new(std::sync::Arc::new(db));
+
+  // 4. Run Tests
+  for test in group.tests.iter() {
+    let schema_id = &test.schema_id;
+
+    if !validator.db.schemas.contains_key(schema_id) {
+      failures.push(format!(
+        "[{}] Missing Schema: Cannot find schema ID '{}'",
+        group.description, schema_id
+      ));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    let result = validator.validate(schema_id, &test.data);
+
+    let (got_valid, _errors) = match &result {
+      Ok(res) => (res.is_valid(), &res.errors),
+      Err(_e) => {
+        // If we encounter an execution error (e.g. Schema Not Found),
+        // we treat it as a test failure.
+        (false, &vec![])
+      }
+    };
+
+    if got_valid != test.valid {
+      let error_msg = match &result {
+        Ok(res) => format!("{:?}", res.errors),
+        Err(e) => format!("Execution Error: {:?}", e),
+      };
+
+      failures.push(format!(
+        "[{}] Test '{}' failed. Expected: {}, Got: {}. Errors: {}",
+        group.description, test.description, test.valid, got_valid, error_msg
+      ));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if !failures.is_empty() {
+    return Err(failures.join("\n"));
+  }
+
+  Ok(())
+}

test_err.log

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+   Compiling jspg v0.1.0 (/Users/awgneo/Repositories/thoughtpatterns/cellular/jspg)
+    Finished `test` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 26.14s
+     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/jspg-99ace086c3537f5a)
+
+running 1 test
+       Using PgConfig("pg18") and `pg_config` from /opt/homebrew/opt/postgresql@18/bin/pg_config
+    Building extension with features pg_test pg18
+     Running command "/opt/homebrew/bin/cargo" "build" "--lib" "--features" "pg_test pg18" "--no-default-features" "--message-format=json-render-diagnostics"
+   Compiling jspg v0.1.0 (/Users/awgneo/Repositories/thoughtpatterns/cellular/jspg)
+    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 7.10s
+  Installing extension
+     Copying control file to /opt/homebrew/share/postgresql@18/extension/jspg.control
+     Copying shared library to /opt/homebrew/lib/postgresql@18/jspg.dylib
+  Discovered 351 SQL entities: 1 schemas (1 unique), 350 functions, 0 types, 0 enums, 0 sqls, 0 ords, 0 hashes, 0 aggregates, 0 triggers
+  Rebuilding pgrx_embed, in debug mode, for SQL generation with features pg_test pg18
+   Compiling jspg v0.1.0 (/Users/awgneo/Repositories/thoughtpatterns/cellular/jspg)
+    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 10.63s
+     Writing SQL entities to /opt/homebrew/share/postgresql@18/extension/jspg--0.1.0.sql
+    Finished installing jspg
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.068 EST] [82952] [69a509eb.14408]: LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 18.1 (Homebrew) on aarch64-apple-darwin25.2.0, compiled by Apple clang version 17.0.0 (clang-1700.6.3.2), 64-bit
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.070 EST] [82952] [69a509eb.14408]: LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 32218
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.070 EST] [82952] [69a509eb.14408]: LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 32218
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.071 EST] [82952] [69a509eb.14408]: LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/Users/awgneo/Repositories/thoughtpatterns/cellular/jspg/target/test-pgdata/.s.PGSQL.32218"
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.077 EST] [82958] [69a509eb.1440e]: LOG:  database system was shut down at 2026-03-01 22:49:02 EST
+    Creating database pgrx_tests
+
+thread 'tests::pg_test_typed_refs_0' (29092254) panicked at /Users/awgneo/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/pgrx-tests-0.16.1/src/framework.rs:166:9:
+
+
+Postgres Messages:
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.068 EST] [82952] [69a509eb.14408]: LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 18.1 (Homebrew) on aarch64-apple-darwin25.2.0, compiled by Apple clang version 17.0.0 (clang-1700.6.3.2), 64-bit
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.070 EST] [82952] [69a509eb.14408]: LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 32218
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.070 EST] [82952] [69a509eb.14408]: LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 32218
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.071 EST] [82952] [69a509eb.14408]: LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/Users/awgneo/Repositories/thoughtpatterns/cellular/jspg/target/test-pgdata/.s.PGSQL.32218"
+[2026-03-01 22:54:19.081 EST] [82952] [69a509eb.14408]: LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
+
+
+Test Function Messages:
+[2026-03-01 22:54:20.058 EST] [82982] [69a509ec.14426]: LOG:  statement: START TRANSACTION
+[2026-03-01 22:54:20.058 EST] [82982] [69a509ec.14426]: LOG:  statement: SELECT "tests"."test_typed_refs_0"();
+[2026-03-01 22:54:20.062 EST] [82982] [69a509ec.14426]: ERROR:  called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: "[Entity inheritance and native type discrimination] Test 'Valid person against organization schema (implicit type allowance)' failed. Expected: true, Got: false. Errors: [ValidationError { code: \"CONST_VIOLATED\", message: \"Value does not match const\", path: \"/type\" }, ValidationError { code: \"STRICT_PROPERTY_VIOLATION\", message: \"Unexpected property 'first_name'\", path: \"/first_name\" }, ValidationError { code: \"STRICT_PROPERTY_VIOLATION\", message: \"Unexpected property 'first_name'\", path: \"/first_name\" }, ValidationError { code: \"STRICT_PROPERTY_VIOLATION\", message: \"Unexpected property 'first_name'\", path: \"/first_name\" }]\n[Entity inheritance and native type discrimination] Test 'Valid organization against organization schema' failed. Expected: true, Got: false. Errors: [ValidationError { code: \"CONST_VIOLATED\", message: \"Value does not match const\", path: \"/type\" }]\n[Entity inheritance and native type discrimination] Test 'Invalid entity against organization schema (ancestor not allowed)' failed. Expected: false, Got: true. Errors: []"
+[2026-03-01 22:54:20.062 EST] [82982] [69a509ec.14426]: STATEMENT:  SELECT "tests"."test_typed_refs_0"();
+[2026-03-01 22:54:20.062 EST] [82982] [69a509ec.14426]: LOG:  statement: ROLLBACK
+
+
+Client Error:
+called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: "[Entity inheritance and native type discrimination] Test 'Valid person against organization schema (implicit type allowance)' failed. Expected: true, Got: false. Errors: [ValidationError { code: \"CONST_VIOLATED\", message: \"Value does not match const\", path: \"/type\" }, ValidationError { code: \"STRICT_PROPERTY_VIOLATION\", message: \"Unexpected property 'first_name'\", path: \"/first_name\" }, ValidationError { code: \"STRICT_PROPERTY_VIOLATION\", message: \"Unexpected property 'first_name'\", path: \"/first_name\" }, ValidationError { code: \"STRICT_PROPERTY_VIOLATION\", message: \"Unexpected property 'first_name'\", path: \"/first_name\" }]\n[Entity inheritance and native type discrimination] Test 'Valid organization against organization schema' failed. Expected: true, Got: false. Errors: [ValidationError { code: \"CONST_VIOLATED\", message: \"Value does not match const\", path: \"/type\" }]\n[Entity inheritance and native type discrimination] Test 'Invalid entity against organization schema (ancestor not allowed)' failed. Expected: false, Got: true. Errors: []"
+postgres location: fixtures.rs
+rust location: <unknown>
+
+
+note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
+test tests::pg_test_typed_refs_0 ... FAILED
+
+failures:
+
+failures:
+    tests::pg_test_typed_refs_0
+
+test result: FAILED. 0 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 343 filtered out; finished in 21.82s
+
+error: test failed, to rerun pass `--lib`

tests/fixtures/additionalProperties.json

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "additionalProperties validates properties not matched by properties",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$id": "schema1",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        },
+                        "bar": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "additionalProperties": {
+                        "type": "boolean"
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "defined properties are valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "value",
+                    "bar": 123
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "additional property matching schema is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "value",
+                    "is_active": true,
+                    "hidden": false
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "additional property not matching schema is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "value",
+                    "is_active": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true with additionalProperties still validates structure",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "additionalProperties": {
+                        "type": "integer"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "additionalProperties_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "additional property matching schema is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "hello",
+                    "count": 5,
+                    "age": 42
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "additionalProperties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "additional property not matching schema is invalid despite extensible: true",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "hello",
+                    "count": "five"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "additionalProperties_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "complex additionalProperties with object and array items",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$id": "schema3",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "type": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "additionalProperties": {
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid array of strings",
+                "data": {
+                    "type": "my_type",
+                    "group_a": [
+                        "field1",
+                        "field2"
+                    ],
+                    "group_b": [
+                        "field3"
+                    ]
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid array of integers",
+                "data": {
+                    "type": "my_type",
+                    "group_a": [
+                        1,
+                        2
+                    ]
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid non-array type",
+                "data": {
+                    "type": "my_type",
+                    "group_a": "field1"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema3"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/allOf.json

@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "allOf",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "bar": {
+                                    "type": "integer"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "bar"
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "allOf",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "baz",
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch second",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "baz"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch first",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong type",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "baz",
+                    "bar": "quux"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf with base schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "bar": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        },
+                        "baz": {},
+                        "foo": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": [
+                        "bar"
+                    ],
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo"
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "baz": {
+                                    "type": "null"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "baz"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "quux",
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "baz": null
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch base schema",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "quux",
+                    "baz": null
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch first allOf",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "baz": null
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch second allOf",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "quux",
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch both",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf simple types",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "maximum": 30
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "minimum": 20
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid",
+                "data": 25,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch one",
+                "data": 35,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf with boolean schemas, all true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        true,
+                        true
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf with boolean schemas, some false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        true,
+                        false
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf with boolean schemas, all false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        false,
+                        false
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf with one empty schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {}
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any data is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf with two empty schemas",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {},
+                        {}
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any data is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf with the first empty schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {},
+                        {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "number is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "string is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf with the last empty schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        },
+                        {}
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_9_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "number is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "string is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "nested allOf, to check validation semantics",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "allOf": [
+                                {
+                                    "type": "null"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_10_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "null is valid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "anything non-null is invalid",
+                "data": 123,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_10_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in allOf",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "bar": {
+                                    "type": "integer"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "bar"
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "allOf_12_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "baz",
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "qux": 3
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_12_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "strict by default with allOf properties",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "const": 1
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "bar": {
+                                    "const": 2
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_13_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "validates merged properties",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_13_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "fails on extra property z explicitly",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "z": 3
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_13_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allOf with nested extensible: true (partial looseness)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "const": 1
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "extensible": true,
+                            "properties": {
+                                "bar": {
+                                    "const": 2
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_14_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extensible subschema doesn't make root extensible if root is strict",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "z": 3
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_14_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "strictness: allOf composition with strict refs",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "$ref": "partA"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$ref": "partB"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "allOf_15_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "partA",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "id": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "partB",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "name": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "merged instance is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "1",
+                    "name": "Me"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_15_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is invalid (root is strict)",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "1",
+                    "name": "Me",
+                    "extra": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_15_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "partA mismatch is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": 1,
+                    "name": "Me"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "allOf_15_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/booleanSchema.json

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "boolean schema 'true'",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "number is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "string is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean true is valid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean false is valid",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is valid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is valid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "boolean schema 'false'",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": {},
+                    "$id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "number is invalid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "string is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean true is invalid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean false is invalid",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is invalid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is invalid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "booleanSchema_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/const.json

@@ -0,0 +1,650 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "const validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": 2,
+                    "$id": "const_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "same value is valid",
+                "data": 2,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "another value is invalid",
+                "data": 5,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "another type is invalid",
+                "data": "a",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with object",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": {
+                        "foo": "bar",
+                        "baz": "bax"
+                    },
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {},
+                        "baz": {}
+                    },
+                    "$id": "const_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "same object is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar",
+                    "baz": "bax"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "same object with different property order is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "baz": "bax",
+                    "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "another object is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "another type is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with array",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": [
+                        {
+                            "foo": "bar"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "const_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "same array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "another array item is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with additional items is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with null",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": null,
+                    "$id": "const_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "null is valid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "not null is invalid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with false does not match 0",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": false,
+                    "$id": "const_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "false is valid",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer zero is invalid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float zero is invalid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with true does not match 1",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": true,
+                    "$id": "const_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "true is valid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer one is invalid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float one is invalid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with [false] does not match [0]",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": [
+                        false
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "const_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[false] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[0] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    0
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[0.0] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    0
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with [true] does not match [1]",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": [
+                        true
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "const_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[true] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[1] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[1.0] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with {\"a\": false} does not match {\"a\": 0}",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": {
+                        "a": false
+                    },
+                    "$id": "const_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "{\"a\": false} is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": false
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "{\"a\": 0} is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": 0
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "{\"a\": 0.0} is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": 0
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with {\"a\": true} does not match {\"a\": 1}",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": {
+                        "a": true
+                    },
+                    "$id": "const_9_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "{\"a\": true} is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": true
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "{\"a\": 1} is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "{\"a\": 1.0} is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with 0 does not match other zero-like types",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": 0,
+                    "$id": "const_10_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "false is invalid",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer zero is valid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float zero is valid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is invalid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string is invalid",
+                "data": "",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_10_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with 1 does not match true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": 1,
+                    "$id": "const_11_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "true is invalid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_11_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer one is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_11_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float one is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_11_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "const with -2.0 matches integer and float types",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": -2,
+                    "$id": "const_12_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "integer -2 is valid",
+                "data": -2,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_12_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer 2 is invalid",
+                "data": 2,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_12_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float -2.0 is valid",
+                "data": -2,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_12_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float 2.0 is invalid",
+                "data": 2,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_12_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float -2.00001 is invalid",
+                "data": -2.00001,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_12_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "float and integers are equal up to 64-bit representation limits",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": 9007199254740992,
+                    "$id": "const_13_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "integer is valid",
+                "data": 9007199254740992,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_13_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer minus one is invalid",
+                "data": 9007199254740991,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_13_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float is valid",
+                "data": 9007199254740992,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_13_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float minus one is invalid",
+                "data": 9007199254740991,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_13_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "nul characters in strings",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": "hello\u0000there",
+                    "$id": "const_14_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "match string with nul",
+                "data": "hello\u0000there",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_14_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "do not match string lacking nul",
+                "data": "hellothere",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_14_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "characters with the same visual representation but different codepoint",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": "μ",
+                    "$comment": "U+03BC",
+                    "$id": "const_15_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "character uses the same codepoint",
+                "data": "μ",
+                "comment": "U+03BC",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_15_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "character looks the same but uses a different codepoint",
+                "data": "µ",
+                "comment": "U+00B5",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_15_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "characters with the same visual representation, but different number of codepoints",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": "ä",
+                    "$comment": "U+00E4",
+                    "$id": "const_16_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "character uses the same codepoint",
+                "data": "ä",
+                "comment": "U+00E4",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_16_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "character looks the same but uses combining marks",
+                "data": "ä",
+                "comment": "a, U+0308",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_16_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in const object match",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "const": {
+                        "a": 1
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "const_17_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property ignored during strict check, but const check still applies (mismatch)",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": 1,
+                    "b": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "const_17_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra property match in const (this is effectively impossible if data has extra props not in const, it implicitly fails const check unless we assume const check ignored extra props? No, const check is strict. So this test is just to show strictness passes.)",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "const_17_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/contains.json

@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "contains keyword validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "minimum": 5
+                    },
+                    "items": true,
+                    "$id": "contains_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "array with item matching schema (5) is valid (items: true)",
+                "data": [
+                    3,
+                    4,
+                    5
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with item matching schema (6) is valid (items: true)",
+                "data": [
+                    3,
+                    4,
+                    6
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with two items matching schema (5, 6) is valid (items: true)",
+                "data": [
+                    3,
+                    4,
+                    5,
+                    6
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array without items matching schema is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    2,
+                    3,
+                    4
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "not array is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "contains keyword with const keyword",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 5
+                    },
+                    "items": true,
+                    "$id": "contains_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "array with item 5 is valid (items: true)",
+                "data": [
+                    3,
+                    4,
+                    5
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with two items 5 is valid (items: true)",
+                "data": [
+                    3,
+                    4,
+                    5,
+                    5
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array without item 5 is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3,
+                    4
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "contains keyword with boolean schema true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": true,
+                    "$id": "contains_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any non-empty array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "contains keyword with boolean schema false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": false,
+                    "$id": "contains_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any non-empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-arrays are valid",
+                "data": "contains does not apply to strings",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "items + contains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "items": {
+                        "multipleOf": 2
+                    },
+                    "contains": {
+                        "multipleOf": 3
+                    },
+                    "$id": "contains_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "matches items, does not match contains",
+                "data": [
+                    2,
+                    4,
+                    8
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "does not match items, matches contains",
+                "data": [
+                    3,
+                    6,
+                    9
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "matches both items and contains",
+                "data": [
+                    6,
+                    12
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "matches neither items nor contains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    5
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "contains with false if subschema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "if": false,
+                        "else": true
+                    },
+                    "$id": "contains_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any non-empty array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "contains with null instance elements",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "type": "null"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "contains_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "allows null items",
+                "data": [
+                    null
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows non-matching items in contains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "contains_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra items acceptable",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "strict by default: non-matching items in contains are invalid",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "$id": "contains_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra items cause failure",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "contains_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "only matching items is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "contains_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/content.json

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "validation of string-encoded content based on media type",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contentMediaType": "application/json",
+                    "$id": "content_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "a valid JSON document",
+                "data": "{\"foo\": \"bar\"}",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an invalid JSON document; validates true",
+                "data": "{:}",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-strings",
+                "data": 100,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "validation of binary string-encoding",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contentEncoding": "base64",
+                    "$id": "content_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "a valid base64 string",
+                "data": "eyJmb28iOiAiYmFyIn0K",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an invalid base64 string (% is not a valid character); validates true",
+                "data": "eyJmb28iOi%iYmFyIn0K",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-strings",
+                "data": 100,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "validation of binary-encoded media type documents",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contentMediaType": "application/json",
+                    "contentEncoding": "base64",
+                    "$id": "content_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "a valid base64-encoded JSON document",
+                "data": "eyJmb28iOiAiYmFyIn0K",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a validly-encoded invalid JSON document; validates true",
+                "data": "ezp9Cg==",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an invalid base64 string that is valid JSON; validates true",
+                "data": "{}",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-strings",
+                "data": 100,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "validation of binary-encoded media type documents with schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contentMediaType": "application/json",
+                    "contentEncoding": "base64",
+                    "contentSchema": {
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": [
+                            "foo"
+                        ],
+                        "properties": {
+                            "foo": {
+                                "type": "string"
+                            },
+                            "boo": {
+                                "type": "integer"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "content_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "a valid base64-encoded JSON document",
+                "data": "eyJmb28iOiAiYmFyIn0K",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "another valid base64-encoded JSON document",
+                "data": "eyJib28iOiAyMCwgImZvbyI6ICJiYXoifQ==",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an invalid base64-encoded JSON document; validates true",
+                "data": "eyJib28iOiAyMH0=",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an empty object as a base64-encoded JSON document; validates true",
+                "data": "e30=",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an empty array as a base64-encoded JSON document",
+                "data": "W10=",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a validly-encoded invalid JSON document; validates true",
+                "data": "ezp9Cg==",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an invalid base64 string that is valid JSON; validates true",
+                "data": "{}",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-strings",
+                "data": 100,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "content_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/dependencies.json

@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "single dependency (required)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema1",
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "bar": [
+                            "foo"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "neither",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "nondependant",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "with dependency",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "missing dependency",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [
+                    "bar"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores strings",
+                "data": "foobar",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema1"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "empty dependents",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema2",
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "bar": []
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty object",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema2"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with one property",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema2"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-object is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema2"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "multiple dependents required",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema3",
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "quux": [
+                            "foo",
+                            "bar"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "neither",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "nondependants",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "with dependencies",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "quux": 3
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "missing dependency",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "quux": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "missing other dependency",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 1,
+                    "quux": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "missing both dependencies",
+                "data": {
+                    "quux": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema3"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "dependencies with escaped characters",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema4",
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "foo\nbar": [
+                            "foo\rbar"
+                        ],
+                        "foo\"bar": [
+                            "foo'bar"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "CRLF",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\nbar": 1,
+                    "foo\rbar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema4"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "quoted quotes",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo'bar": 1,
+                    "foo\"bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema4"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "CRLF missing dependent",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\nbar": 1,
+                    "foo": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema4"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "quoted quotes missing dependent",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\"bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema4"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in dependentRequired",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema5",
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "bar": [
+                            "foo"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "baz": 3
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema5"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "single dependency (schemas, STRICT)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema_schema1",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": true,
+                        "bar": true
+                    },
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "bar": {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "integer"
+                                },
+                                "bar": {
+                                    "type": "integer"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "no dependency",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "quux"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong type",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "quux",
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong type other",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 2,
+                    "bar": "quux"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong type both",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "quux",
+                    "bar": "quux"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays (invalid in strict mode)",
+                "data": [
+                    "bar"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "STRICT_ITEM_VIOLATION"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores strings",
+                "data": "foobar",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema1"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema1"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "single dependency (schemas, EXTENSIBLE)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema_schema2",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": true,
+                        "bar": true
+                    },
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "bar": {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "integer"
+                                },
+                                "bar": {
+                                    "type": "integer"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays (valid in extensible mode)",
+                "data": [
+                    "bar"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema2"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "boolean subschemas",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema_schema3",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": true,
+                        "bar": true
+                    },
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "foo": true,
+                        "bar": false
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "object with property having schema true is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with property having schema false is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with both properties is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema3"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema3"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "dependencies with escaped characters",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema_schema4",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo\tbar": true,
+                        "foo'bar": true,
+                        "a": true,
+                        "b": true,
+                        "c": true
+                    },
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "foo\tbar": {
+                            "minProperties": 4,
+                            "extensible": true
+                        },
+                        "foo'bar": {
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo\"bar"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "quoted tab",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\tbar": 1,
+                    "a": 2,
+                    "b": 3,
+                    "c": 4
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema4"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "quoted quote",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo'bar": {
+                        "foo\"bar": 1
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema4"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "quoted tab invalid under dependent schema",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\tbar": 1,
+                    "a": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema4"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "quoted quote invalid under dependent schema",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo'bar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema4"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "dependent subschema incompatible with root (STRICT)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema_schema5",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {},
+                        "baz": true
+                    },
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "bar": {}
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "matches root",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema5"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "matches dependency (invalid in strict mode - bar not allowed if foo missing)",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "STRICT_PROPERTY_VIOLATION"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema5"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "matches both",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema5"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "no dependency",
+                "data": {
+                    "baz": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema5"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "dependent subschema incompatible with root (EXTENSIBLE)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+                    "$id": "schema_schema6",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {},
+                        "baz": true
+                    },
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "bar": {}
+                            },
+                            "additionalProperties": false
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "matches dependency (valid in extensible mode)",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "schema_schema6"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/emptyString.json

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "empty string is valid for all types (except const)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "obj": {
+                            "type": "object"
+                        },
+                        "arr": {
+                            "type": "array"
+                        },
+                        "str": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        },
+                        "int": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        },
+                        "num": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        },
+                        "bool": {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        },
+                        "nul": {
+                            "type": "null"
+                        },
+                        "fmt": {
+                            "type": "string",
+                            "format": "uuid"
+                        },
+                        "con": {
+                            "const": "value"
+                        },
+                        "con_empty": {
+                            "const": ""
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "emptyString_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty string valid for object",
+                "data": {
+                    "obj": ""
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string valid for array",
+                "data": {
+                    "arr": ""
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string valid for string",
+                "data": {
+                    "str": ""
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string valid for integer",
+                "data": {
+                    "int": ""
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string valid for number",
+                "data": {
+                    "num": ""
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string valid for boolean",
+                "data": {
+                    "bool": ""
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string valid for null",
+                "data": {
+                    "nul": ""
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string valid for format",
+                "data": {
+                    "fmt": ""
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string INVALID for const (unless const is empty string)",
+                "data": {
+                    "con": ""
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "CONST_VIOLATED",
+                        "path": "/con"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty string VALID for const if const IS empty string",
+                "data": {
+                    "con_empty": ""
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "emptyString_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/enum.json

@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "simple enum validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        1,
+                        2,
+                        3
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "one of the enum is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "something else is invalid",
+                "data": 4,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "heterogeneous enum validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        6,
+                        "foo",
+                        [],
+                        true,
+                        {
+                            "foo": 12
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {}
+                    },
+                    "$id": "enum_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "one of the enum is valid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "something else is invalid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "objects are deep compared",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": false
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "valid object matches",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 12
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra properties in object is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 12,
+                    "boo": 42
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "heterogeneous enum-with-null validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        6,
+                        null
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "null is valid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "number is valid",
+                "data": 6,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "something else is invalid",
+                "data": "test",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enums in properties",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "enum": [
+                                "foo"
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        "bar": {
+                            "enum": [
+                                "bar"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": [
+                        "bar"
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "both properties are valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "foo",
+                    "bar": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong foo value",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "foot",
+                    "bar": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong bar value",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "foo",
+                    "bar": "bart"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "missing optional property is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "missing required property is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "foo"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "missing all properties is invalid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enum with escaped characters",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        "foo\nbar",
+                        "foo\rbar"
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "member 1 is valid",
+                "data": "foo\nbar",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "member 2 is valid",
+                "data": "foo\rbar",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "another string is invalid",
+                "data": "abc",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enum with false does not match 0",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        false
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "false is valid",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer zero is invalid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float zero is invalid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enum with [false] does not match [0]",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        [
+                            false
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[false] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[0] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    0
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[0.0] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    0
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enum with true does not match 1",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        true
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "true is valid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer one is invalid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float one is invalid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enum with [true] does not match [1]",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        [
+                            true
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[true] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[1] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[1.0] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enum with 0 does not match false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        0
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_9_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "false is invalid",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer zero is valid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float zero is valid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enum with [0] does not match [false]",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        [
+                            0
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_10_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[false] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[0] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    0
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[0.0] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    0
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_10_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enum with 1 does not match true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        1
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_11_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "true is invalid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_11_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "integer one is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_11_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float one is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_11_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "enum with [1] does not match [true]",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        [
+                            1
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_12_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[true] is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_12_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[1] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_12_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[1.0] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_12_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "nul characters in strings",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        "hello\u0000there"
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "enum_13_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "match string with nul",
+                "data": "hello\u0000there",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_13_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "do not match string lacking nul",
+                "data": "hellothere",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_13_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in enum object match",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "enum": [
+                        {
+                            "foo": 1
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "enum_14_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property ignored during strict check, but enum check still applies (mismatch here)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "enum_14_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra property ignored during strict check, enum match succeeds",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "enum_14_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/exclusiveMaximum.json

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "exclusiveMaximum validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "exclusiveMaximum": 3,
+                    "$id": "exclusiveMaximum_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "below the exclusiveMaximum is valid",
+                "data": 2.2,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "exclusiveMaximum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boundary point is invalid",
+                "data": 3,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "exclusiveMaximum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "above the exclusiveMaximum is invalid",
+                "data": 3.5,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "exclusiveMaximum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-numbers",
+                "data": "x",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "exclusiveMaximum_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/exclusiveMinimum.json

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "exclusiveMinimum validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "exclusiveMinimum": 1.1,
+                    "$id": "exclusiveMinimum_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "above the exclusiveMinimum is valid",
+                "data": 1.2,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "exclusiveMinimum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boundary point is invalid",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "exclusiveMinimum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "below the exclusiveMinimum is invalid",
+                "data": 0.6,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "exclusiveMinimum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-numbers",
+                "data": "x",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "exclusiveMinimum_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/families.json

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "Entity families via pure $ref graph",
+        "database": {
+            "types": [
+                {
+                    "name": "entity",
+                    "variations": [
+                        "entity",
+                        "organization",
+                        "person"
+                    ],
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "entity",
+                            "type": "object",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "id": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                },
+                                "type": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$id": "light.entity",
+                            "$ref": "entity"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "organization",
+                    "variations": [
+                        "organization",
+                        "person"
+                    ],
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "organization",
+                            "$ref": "entity",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "name": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "person",
+                    "variations": [
+                        "person"
+                    ],
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "person",
+                            "$ref": "organization",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "first_name": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$id": "light.person",
+                            "$ref": "light.entity"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ],
+            "puncs": [
+                {
+                    "name": "get_entities",
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "get_entities.response",
+                            "$family": "entity"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "get_light_entities",
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "get_light_entities.response",
+                            "$family": "light.entity"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "Family matches base entity",
+                "schema_id": "get_entities.response",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "1",
+                    "type": "entity"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "Family matches descendant person",
+                "schema_id": "get_entities.response",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "2",
+                    "type": "person",
+                    "name": "ACME",
+                    "first_name": "John"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "Graph family matches light.entity",
+                "schema_id": "get_light_entities.response",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "3",
+                    "type": "entity"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "Graph family matches light.person (because it $refs light.entity)",
+                "schema_id": "get_light_entities.response",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "4",
+                    "type": "person"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "Graph family excludes organization (missing light. schema that $refs light.entity)",
+                "schema_id": "get_light_entities.response",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "5",
+                    "type": "organization",
+                    "name": "ACME"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "FAMILY_MISMATCH",
+                        "path": ""
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "Ad-hoc non-entity families (using normal json-schema object structures)",
+        "database": {
+            "puncs": [
+                {
+                    "name": "get_widgets",
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "widget",
+                            "type": "object",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "id": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                },
+                                "widget_type": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$id": "special_widget",
+                            "$ref": "widget",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "special_feature": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$id": "get_widgets.response",
+                            "$family": "widget"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "Ad-hoc family matches strictly by shape (no magic variations for base schemas)",
+                "schema_id": "get_widgets.response",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "1",
+                    "widget_type": "special",
+                    "special_feature": "yes"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/if-then-else.json

@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "ignore if without then or else",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": {
+                        "const": 0
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid when valid against lone if",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "valid when invalid against lone if",
+                "data": "hello",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "ignore then without if",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "then": {
+                        "const": 0
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid when valid against lone then",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "valid when invalid against lone then",
+                "data": "hello",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "ignore else without if",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "else": {
+                        "const": 0
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid when valid against lone else",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "valid when invalid against lone else",
+                "data": "hello",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "if and then without else",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": {
+                        "exclusiveMaximum": 0
+                    },
+                    "then": {
+                        "minimum": -10
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid through then",
+                "data": -1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid through then",
+                "data": -100,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "valid when if test fails",
+                "data": 3,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "if and else without then",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": {
+                        "exclusiveMaximum": 0
+                    },
+                    "else": {
+                        "multipleOf": 2
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid when if test passes",
+                "data": -1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "valid through else",
+                "data": 4,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid through else",
+                "data": 3,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "validate against correct branch, then vs else",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": {
+                        "exclusiveMaximum": 0
+                    },
+                    "then": {
+                        "minimum": -10
+                    },
+                    "else": {
+                        "multipleOf": 2
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid through then",
+                "data": -1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid through then",
+                "data": -100,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "valid through else",
+                "data": 4,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid through else",
+                "data": 3,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "non-interference across combined schemas",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "if": {
+                                "exclusiveMaximum": 0
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "then": {
+                                "minimum": -10
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "else": {
+                                "multipleOf": 2
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid, but would have been invalid through then",
+                "data": -100,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "valid, but would have been invalid through else",
+                "data": 3,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "if with boolean schema true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": true,
+                    "then": {
+                        "const": "then"
+                    },
+                    "else": {
+                        "const": "else"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "boolean schema true in if always chooses the then path (valid)",
+                "data": "then",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean schema true in if always chooses the then path (invalid)",
+                "data": "else",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "if with boolean schema false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": false,
+                    "then": {
+                        "const": "then"
+                    },
+                    "else": {
+                        "const": "else"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "boolean schema false in if always chooses the else path (invalid)",
+                "data": "then",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean schema false in if always chooses the else path (valid)",
+                "data": "else",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "if appears at the end when serialized (keyword processing sequence)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "then": {
+                        "const": "yes"
+                    },
+                    "else": {
+                        "const": "other"
+                    },
+                    "if": {
+                        "maxLength": 4
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_9_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "yes redirects to then and passes",
+                "data": "yes",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "other redirects to else and passes",
+                "data": "other",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "no redirects to then and fails",
+                "data": "no",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid redirects to else and fails",
+                "data": "invalid",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "then: false fails when condition matches",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "then": false,
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_10_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "matches if → then=false → invalid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "does not match if → then ignored → valid",
+                "data": 2,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_10_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "else: false fails when condition does not match",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "else": false,
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_11_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "matches if → else ignored → valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_11_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "does not match if → else executes → invalid",
+                "data": 2,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_11_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in if-then-else",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "foo": {
+                                "const": 1
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": [
+                            "foo"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "then": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "const": 2
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": [
+                            "bar"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_12_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is valid (matches if and then)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "extra": "prop"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_12_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "strict by default with if-then properties",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "if": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "foo": {
+                                "const": 1
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "required": [
+                            "foo"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "then": {
+                        "properties": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "const": 2
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "if-then-else_13_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid match (foo + bar)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_13_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "fails on extra property z explicitly",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "z": 3
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "if-then-else_13_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/items.json

@@ -0,0 +1,843 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "a schema given for items",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "items": {
+                        "type": "integer"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "items_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid items",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong type of items",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "x"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-arrays are invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "JavaScript pseudo-arrays are invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "0": "invalid",
+                    "length": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "items with boolean schema (true)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "items": true,
+                    "$id": "items_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "foo",
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is valid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "items with boolean schema (false)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "items": false,
+                    "$id": "items_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any non-empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "foo",
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is valid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "items and subitems",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": false,
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "$ref": "item"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$ref": "item"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$ref": "item"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "items_3_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "item",
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": false,
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "$ref": "sub-item"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$ref": "sub-item"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "sub-item",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": [
+                        "foo"
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid items",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too many items",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too many sub-items",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong item",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": null
+                    },
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong sub-item",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        {},
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "fewer items is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "foo": null
+                        }
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "nested items",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": {
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "items": {
+                                    "type": "number"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "items_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid nested array",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        [
+                            [
+                                1
+                            ]
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            [
+                                2
+                            ],
+                            [
+                                3
+                            ]
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        [
+                            [
+                                4
+                            ],
+                            [
+                                5
+                            ],
+                            [
+                                6
+                            ]
+                        ]
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "nested array with invalid type",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        [
+                            [
+                                "1"
+                            ]
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            [
+                                2
+                            ],
+                            [
+                                3
+                            ]
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        [
+                            [
+                                4
+                            ],
+                            [
+                                5
+                            ],
+                            [
+                                6
+                            ]
+                        ]
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "not deep enough",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        [
+                            1
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            2
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            3
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        [
+                            4
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            5
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            6
+                        ]
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "prefixItems with no additional items allowed",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {},
+                        {},
+                        {}
+                    ],
+                    "items": false,
+                    "$id": "items_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty array",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "fewer number of items present (1)",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "fewer number of items present (2)",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "equal number of items present",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "additional items are not permitted",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3,
+                    4
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "items does not look in applicators, valid case",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "allOf": [
+                        {
+                            "prefixItems": [
+                                {
+                                    "minimum": 3
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "items": {
+                        "minimum": 5
+                    },
+                    "$id": "items_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "prefixItems in allOf does not constrain items, invalid case",
+                "data": [
+                    3,
+                    5
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "prefixItems in allOf does not constrain items, valid case",
+                "data": [
+                    5,
+                    5
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "prefixItems validation adjusts the starting index for items",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "items": {
+                        "type": "integer"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "items_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid items",
+                "data": [
+                    "x",
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong type of second item",
+                "data": [
+                    "x",
+                    "y"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "items with heterogeneous array",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {}
+                    ],
+                    "items": false,
+                    "$id": "items_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "heterogeneous invalid instance",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo",
+                    "bar",
+                    37
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "valid instance",
+                "data": [
+                    null
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "items with null instance elements",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "items": {
+                        "type": "null"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "items_9_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "allows null elements",
+                "data": [
+                    null
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra items (when items is false)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "items": false,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "items_10_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra item is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_10_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties for items",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "items": {
+                        "minimum": 5
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "items_11_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid item is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    5,
+                    6
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_11_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid item (less than min) is invalid even with extensible: true",
+                "data": [
+                    4
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_11_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "array: simple extensible array",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "items_12_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is valid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_12_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with items is valid (extensible)",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_12_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "array: strict array",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "extensible": false,
+                    "$id": "items_13_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is valid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_13_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with items is invalid (strict)",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_13_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "array: items extensible",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": {
+                        "extensible": true
+                    },
+                    "$id": "items_14_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is valid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_14_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with items is valid (items explicitly allowed to be anything extensible)",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "foo",
+                    {}
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_14_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "array: items strict",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": {
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "extensible": false
+                    },
+                    "$id": "items_15_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is valid (empty objects)",
+                "data": [
+                    {}
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_15_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with strict object items is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {}
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "items_15_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with invalid strict object items (extra property)",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "extra": 1
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "items_15_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/maxContains.json

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "maxContains without contains is ignored",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxContains": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxContains_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "one item valid against lone maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "two items still valid against lone maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "maxContains with contains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "maxContains": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxContains_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty data",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all elements match, valid maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all elements match, invalid maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "some elements match, valid maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "some elements match, invalid maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "maxContains with contains, value with a decimal",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "maxContains": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxContains_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "one element matches, valid maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too many elements match, invalid maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minContains < maxContains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "minContains": 1,
+                    "maxContains": 3,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxContains_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "actual < minContains < maxContains",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "minContains < actual < maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "minContains < maxContains < actual",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1,
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows non-matching items in maxContains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "maxContains": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxContains_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra items disregarded for maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxContains_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/maxItems.json

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "maxItems validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxItems": 2,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxItems_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "shorter is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "exact length is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too long is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-arrays",
+                "data": "foobar",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxItems_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "maxItems validation with a decimal",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxItems": 2,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxItems_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "shorter is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too long is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxItems_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra items in maxItems (but counted)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxItems": 2,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxItems_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra item counted towards maxItems",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxItems_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/maxLength.json

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "maxLength validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxLength": 2,
+                    "$id": "maxLength_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "shorter is valid",
+                "data": "f",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxLength_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "exact length is valid",
+                "data": "fo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxLength_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too long is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxLength_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-strings",
+                "data": 100,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxLength_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "two graphemes is long enough",
+                "data": "💩💩",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxLength_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "maxLength validation with a decimal",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxLength": 2,
+                    "$id": "maxLength_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "shorter is valid",
+                "data": "f",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxLength_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too long is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxLength_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/maxProperties.json

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "maxProperties validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxProperties": 2,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxProperties_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "shorter is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "exact length is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too long is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "baz": 3
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores strings",
+                "data": "foobar",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "maxProperties validation with a decimal",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxProperties": 2,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxProperties_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "shorter is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too long is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "baz": 3
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "maxProperties = 0 means the object is empty",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxProperties": 0,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxProperties_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "no properties is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "one property is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in maxProperties (though maxProperties still counts them!)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maxProperties": 2,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "maxProperties_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is counted towards maxProperties",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "baz": 3
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is valid if below maxProperties",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maxProperties_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/maximum.json

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "maximum validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maximum": 3,
+                    "$id": "maximum_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "below the maximum is valid",
+                "data": 2.6,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maximum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boundary point is valid",
+                "data": 3,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maximum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "above the maximum is invalid",
+                "data": 3.5,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maximum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-numbers",
+                "data": "x",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maximum_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "maximum validation with unsigned integer",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "maximum": 300,
+                    "$id": "maximum_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "below the maximum is invalid",
+                "data": 299.97,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maximum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boundary point integer is valid",
+                "data": 300,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maximum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boundary point float is valid",
+                "data": 300,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "maximum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "above the maximum is invalid",
+                "data": 300.5,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "maximum_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/merge.json

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "merging: properties accumulate",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$id": "base_0",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "base_prop": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "$ref": "base_0",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "child_prop": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "merge_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid with both properties",
+                "data": {
+                    "base_prop": "a",
+                    "child_prop": "b"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "merge_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid when base property has wrong type",
+                "data": {
+                    "base_prop": 1,
+                    "child_prop": "b"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "TYPE_MISMATCH",
+                        "path": "/base_prop"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "schema_id": "merge_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "merging: required fields accumulate",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$id": "base_1",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "a": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": [
+                        "a"
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "$ref": "base_1",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "b": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": [
+                        "b"
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "merge_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid when both present",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": "ok",
+                    "b": "ok"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "merge_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid when base required missing",
+                "data": {
+                    "b": "ok"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING",
+                        "path": "/a"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "schema_id": "merge_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid when child required missing",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": "ok"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING",
+                        "path": "/b"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "schema_id": "merge_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "merging: dependencies accumulate",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$id": "base_2",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "trigger": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        },
+                        "base_dep": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "trigger": [
+                            "base_dep"
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "$ref": "base_2",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "child_dep": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "dependencies": {
+                        "trigger": [
+                            "child_dep"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "$id": "merge_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid with all deps",
+                "data": {
+                    "trigger": "go",
+                    "base_dep": "ok",
+                    "child_dep": "ok"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "merge_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid missing base dep",
+                "data": {
+                    "trigger": "go",
+                    "child_dep": "ok"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "DEPENDENCY_FAILED",
+                        "path": "/base_dep"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "schema_id": "merge_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid missing child dep",
+                "data": {
+                    "trigger": "go",
+                    "base_dep": "ok"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "DEPENDENCY_FAILED",
+                        "path": "/child_dep"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "schema_id": "merge_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "merging: form and display do NOT merge",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$id": "base_3",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "a": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        },
+                        "b": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "form": [
+                        "a",
+                        "b"
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "$ref": "base_3",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "c": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "form": [
+                        "c"
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "merge_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "child schema validation",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": "ok",
+                    "b": "ok",
+                    "c": "ok"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "comment": "Verifies validator handles the unmerged metadata correctly (ignores it or handles replacement)",
+                "schema_id": "merge_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/minContains.json

@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "minContains without contains is ignored",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minContains": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minContains_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "one item valid against lone minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "zero items still valid against lone minContains",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minContains=1 with contains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "minContains": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minContains_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty data",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "no elements match",
+                "data": [
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "single element matches, valid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "some elements match, valid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all elements match, valid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minContains=2 with contains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "minContains": 2,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minContains_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty data",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all elements match, invalid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "some elements match, invalid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all elements match, valid minContains (exactly as needed)",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all elements match, valid minContains (more than needed)",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "some elements match, valid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minContains=2 with contains with a decimal value",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "minContains": 2,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minContains_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "one element matches, invalid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both elements match, valid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "maxContains = minContains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "maxContains": 2,
+                    "minContains": 2,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minContains_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty data",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all elements match, invalid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all elements match, invalid maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all elements match, valid maxContains and minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "maxContains < minContains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "maxContains": 1,
+                    "minContains": 3,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minContains_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty data",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "invalid maxContains and minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minContains = 0",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "minContains": 0,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minContains_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty data",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "minContains = 0 makes contains always pass",
+                "data": [
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minContains = 0 with maxContains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "minContains": 0,
+                    "maxContains": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minContains_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "empty data",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "not more than maxContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too many",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows non-matching items in minContains",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "contains": {
+                        "const": 1
+                    },
+                    "minContains": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minContains_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra items disregarded for minContains",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minContains_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/minItems.json

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "minItems validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minItems": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minItems_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "longer is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "exact length is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too short is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-arrays",
+                "data": "",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minItems_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minItems validation with a decimal",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minItems": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minItems_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "longer is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too short is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minItems_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra items in minItems",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minItems": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minItems_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra item counted towards minItems",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minItems_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/minLength.json

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "minLength validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minLength": 2,
+                    "$id": "minLength_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "longer is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minLength_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "exact length is valid",
+                "data": "fo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minLength_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too short is invalid",
+                "data": "f",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minLength_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-strings",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minLength_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "one grapheme is not long enough",
+                "data": "💩",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minLength_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minLength validation with a decimal",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minLength": 2,
+                    "$id": "minLength_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "longer is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minLength_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too short is invalid",
+                "data": "f",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minLength_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/minProperties.json

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "minProperties validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minProperties": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minProperties_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "longer is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "exact length is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too short is invalid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores strings",
+                "data": "",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minProperties_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minProperties validation with a decimal",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minProperties": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minProperties_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "longer is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minProperties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "too short is invalid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minProperties_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in minProperties",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minProperties": 1,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "minProperties_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property counts towards minProperties",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minProperties_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/minimum.json

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "minimum validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minimum": 1.1,
+                    "$id": "minimum_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "above the minimum is valid",
+                "data": 2.6,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boundary point is valid",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "below the minimum is invalid",
+                "data": 0.6,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-numbers",
+                "data": "x",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "minimum validation with signed integer",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "minimum": -2,
+                    "$id": "minimum_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "negative above the minimum is valid",
+                "data": -1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "positive above the minimum is valid",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boundary point is valid",
+                "data": -2,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boundary point with float is valid",
+                "data": -2,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "float below the minimum is invalid",
+                "data": -2.0001,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "int below the minimum is invalid",
+                "data": -3,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-numbers",
+                "data": "x",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "minimum_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/multipleOf.json

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "by int",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "multipleOf": 2,
+                    "$id": "multipleOf_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "int by int",
+                "data": 10,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "multipleOf_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "int by int fail",
+                "data": 7,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "multipleOf_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores non-numbers",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "multipleOf_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "by number",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "multipleOf": 1.5,
+                    "$id": "multipleOf_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "zero is multiple of anything",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "multipleOf_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "4.5 is multiple of 1.5",
+                "data": 4.5,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "multipleOf_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "35 is not multiple of 1.5",
+                "data": 35,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "multipleOf_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "by small number",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "multipleOf": 0.0001,
+                    "$id": "multipleOf_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "0.0075 is multiple of 0.0001",
+                "data": 0.0075,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "multipleOf_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "0.00751 is not multiple of 0.0001",
+                "data": 0.00751,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "multipleOf_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "small multiple of large integer",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "integer",
+                    "multipleOf": 1e-8,
+                    "$id": "multipleOf_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any integer is a multiple of 1e-8",
+                "data": 12391239123,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "multipleOf_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/not.json

@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "not",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": {
+                        "type": "integer"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "not_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "allowed",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "disallowed",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "not multiple types",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": {
+                        "type": [
+                            "integer",
+                            "boolean"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "$id": "not_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "other mismatch",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "not more complex schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": {
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "properties": {
+                            "foo": {
+                                "type": "string"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "not_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "match",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "other match",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "forbidden property",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "not": {}
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "not_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "property present",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "forbid everything with empty schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": {},
+                    "$id": "not_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "number is invalid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "string is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean true is invalid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean false is invalid",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is invalid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is invalid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "forbid everything with boolean schema true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": true,
+                    "$id": "not_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "number is invalid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "string is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean true is invalid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean false is invalid",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is invalid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is invalid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "allow everything with boolean schema false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": false,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "not_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "number is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "string is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean true is valid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "boolean false is valid",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is valid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is valid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "double negation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": {
+                        "not": {}
+                    },
+                    "$id": "not_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in not",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": {
+                        "type": "integer"
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "not_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is valid (not integer matches)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: false (default) forbids extra properties in not",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "not": {
+                        "type": "integer"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "not_9_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is invalid due to strictness",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "property next to not (extensible: true)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "bar": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "not": {
+                        "type": "integer"
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "not_10_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property allowed",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": "baz",
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_10_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "property next to not (extensible: false)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "bar": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "not": {
+                        "type": "integer"
+                    },
+                    "$id": "not_11_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property forbidden",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": "baz",
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "not_11_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "defined property allowed",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": "baz"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "not_11_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/oneOf.json

@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "minimum": 2
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "first oneOf valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "second oneOf valid",
+                "data": 2.5,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both oneOf valid",
+                "data": 3,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "neither oneOf valid",
+                "data": 1.5,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf with base schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        {
+                            "minLength": 2
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "maxLength": 4
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "mismatch base schema",
+                "data": 3,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "one oneOf valid",
+                "data": "foobar",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both oneOf valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf with boolean schemas, all true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        true,
+                        true,
+                        true
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf with boolean schemas, one true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        true,
+                        false,
+                        false
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf with boolean schemas, more than one true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        true,
+                        true,
+                        false
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf with boolean schemas, all false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        false,
+                        false,
+                        false
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf complex types",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "bar": {
+                                    "type": "integer"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "bar"
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "first oneOf valid (complex)",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "second oneOf valid (complex)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "baz"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both oneOf valid (complex)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "baz",
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "neither oneOf valid (complex)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 2,
+                    "bar": "quux"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf with empty schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        },
+                        {}
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "one valid - valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both valid - invalid",
+                "data": 123,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf with required",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": true,
+                        "bar": true,
+                        "baz": true
+                    },
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        {
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo",
+                                "bar"
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo",
+                                "baz"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "both invalid - invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "first valid - valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "second valid - valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "baz": 3
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both valid - invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "baz": 3
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra property invalid (strict)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "extra": 3
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf with required (extensible)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        {
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo",
+                                "bar"
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo",
+                                "baz"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_9_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "both invalid - invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "first valid - valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "second valid - valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "baz": 3
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both valid - invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "baz": 3
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra properties are valid (extensible)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "extra": "value"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "oneOf with missing optional property",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "bar": true,
+                                "baz": true
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "bar"
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": true
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_10_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "first oneOf valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 8
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "second oneOf valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "foo"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both oneOf valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "foo",
+                    "bar": 8
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "neither oneOf valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "baz": "quux"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_10_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "nested oneOf, to check validation semantics",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        {
+                            "oneOf": [
+                                {
+                                    "type": "null"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "oneOf_11_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "null is valid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_11_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "anything non-null is invalid",
+                "data": 123,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_11_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in oneOf",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "bar": {
+                                    "type": "integer"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "bar"
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "required": [
+                                "foo"
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "oneOf_12_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is valid (matches first option)",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2,
+                    "extra": "prop"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "oneOf_12_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/pattern.json

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "pattern validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "pattern": "^a*$",
+                    "$id": "pattern_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "a matching pattern is valid",
+                "data": "aaa",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "pattern_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a non-matching pattern is invalid",
+                "data": "abc",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "pattern_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores booleans",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "pattern_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores integers",
+                "data": 123,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "pattern_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores floats",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "pattern_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores objects",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "pattern_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "pattern_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores null",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "pattern_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "pattern is not anchored",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "pattern": "a+",
+                    "$id": "pattern_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "matches a substring",
+                "data": "xxaayy",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "pattern_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/patternProperties.json

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "patternProperties validates properties matching a regex",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "patternProperties": {
+                        "f.*o": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "items": {},
+                    "$id": "patternProperties_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "a single valid match is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "multiple valid matches is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "foooooo": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a single invalid match is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar",
+                    "fooooo": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "multiple invalid matches is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar",
+                    "foooooo": "baz"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores strings",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra property not matching pattern is INVALID (strict by default)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "extra": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "multiple simultaneous patternProperties are validated",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "patternProperties": {
+                        "a*": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        },
+                        "aaa*": {
+                            "maximum": 20
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "patternProperties_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "a single valid match is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": 21
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a simultaneous match is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "aaaa": 18
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "multiple matches is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": 21,
+                    "aaaa": 18
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an invalid due to one is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": "bar"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an invalid due to the other is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "aaaa": 31
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an invalid due to both is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "aaa": "foo",
+                    "aaaa": 31
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "regexes are not anchored by default and are case sensitive",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "patternProperties": {
+                        "[0-9]{2,}": {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        },
+                        "X_": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "patternProperties_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "non recognized members are ignored",
+                "data": {
+                    "answer 1": "42"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "recognized members are accounted for",
+                "data": {
+                    "a31b": null
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "regexes are case sensitive",
+                "data": {
+                    "a_x_3": 3
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "regexes are case sensitive, 2",
+                "data": {
+                    "a_X_3": 3
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "patternProperties with boolean schemas",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "patternProperties": {
+                        "f.*": true,
+                        "b.*": false
+                    },
+                    "$id": "patternProperties_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "object with property matching schema true is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with property matching schema false is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with both properties is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with a property matching both true and false is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foobar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "patternProperties with null valued instance properties",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "patternProperties": {
+                        "^.*bar$": {
+                            "type": "null"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "patternProperties_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "allows null values",
+                "data": {
+                    "foobar": null
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties NOT matching pattern",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "patternProperties": {
+                        "f.*o": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "patternProperties_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property not matching pattern is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "property matching pattern MUST still be valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "invalid string"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "patternProperties_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/prefixItems.json

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "a schema given for prefixItems",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "prefixItems_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "correct types",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "wrong types",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo",
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "incomplete array of items",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with additional items (invalid due to strictness)",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "foo",
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "JavaScript pseudo-array is valid (invalid due to strict object validation)",
+                "data": {
+                    "0": "invalid",
+                    "1": "valid",
+                    "length": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "prefixItems with boolean schemas",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        true,
+                        false
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "prefixItems_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "array with one item is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "array with two items is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty array is valid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "additional items are allowed by default",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "prefixItems_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "only the first item is validated",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "foo",
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "prefixItems with null instance elements",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "null"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "prefixItems_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "allows null elements",
+                "data": [
+                    null
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra items with prefixItems",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "prefixItems_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra item is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "prefixItems_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/properties.json

@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "object properties validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        },
+                        "bar": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "both properties present and valid is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": "baz"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "one property invalid is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": {}
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both properties invalid is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": [],
+                    "bar": {}
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "doesn't invalidate other properties",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "properties with boolean schema",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": true,
+                        "bar": false
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "no property present is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "only 'true' property present is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "only 'false' property present is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "both properties present is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "properties with escaped characters",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo\nbar": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        },
+                        "foo\"bar": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        },
+                        "foo\\bar": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        },
+                        "foo\rbar": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        },
+                        "foo\tbar": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        },
+                        "foo\fbar": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "object with all numbers is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\nbar": 1,
+                    "foo\"bar": 1,
+                    "foo\\bar": 1,
+                    "foo\rbar": 1,
+                    "foo\tbar": 1,
+                    "foo\fbar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with strings is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\nbar": "1",
+                    "foo\"bar": "1",
+                    "foo\\bar": "1",
+                    "foo\rbar": "1",
+                    "foo\tbar": "1",
+                    "foo\fbar": "1"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "properties with null valued instance properties",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "type": "null"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "allows null values",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": null
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "properties whose names are Javascript object property names",
+        "comment": "Ensure JS implementations don't universally consider e.g. __proto__ to always be present in an object.",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "__proto__": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        },
+                        "toString": {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "length": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "constructor": {
+                            "type": "number"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "none of the properties mentioned",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "__proto__ not valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "__proto__": "foo"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "toString not valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "toString": {
+                        "length": 37
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "constructor not valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "constructor": {
+                        "length": 37
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all present and valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "__proto__": 12,
+                    "toString": {
+                        "length": "foo"
+                    },
+                    "constructor": 37
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "properties_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": "baz"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "strict by default: extra properties invalid",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar",
+                    "extra": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "inheritance: nested object inherits strictness from strict parent",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "nested": {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "nested extra property is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "nested": {
+                        "foo": "bar",
+                        "extra": 1
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "override: nested object allows extra properties if extensible: true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "nested": {
+                            "extensible": true,
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "nested extra property is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "nested": {
+                        "foo": "bar",
+                        "extra": 1
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "inheritance: nested object inherits looseness from loose parent",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "nested": {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_9_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "nested extra property is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "nested": {
+                        "foo": "bar",
+                        "extra": 1
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "override: nested object enforces strictness if extensible: false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "nested": {
+                            "extensible": false,
+                            "properties": {
+                                "foo": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_10_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "nested extra property is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "nested": {
+                        "foo": "bar",
+                        "extra": 1
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_10_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "arrays: inline items inherit strictness from strict parent",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "list": {
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "properties": {
+                                    "foo": {
+                                        "type": "string"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_11_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "array item with extra property is invalid (strict parent)",
+                "data": {
+                    "list": [
+                        {
+                            "foo": "bar",
+                            "extra": 1
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "properties_11_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "arrays: inline items inherit looseness from loose parent",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "list": {
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "properties": {
+                                    "foo": {
+                                        "type": "string"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "properties_12_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "array item with extra property is valid (loose parent)",
+                "data": {
+                    "list": [
+                        {
+                            "foo": "bar",
+                            "extra": 1
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "properties_12_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/propertyNames.json

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "propertyNames validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "propertyNames": {
+                        "maxLength": 3
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "propertyNames_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "all property names valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "f": {},
+                    "foo": {}
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "some property names invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": {},
+                    "foobar": {}
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object without properties is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3,
+                    4
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores strings",
+                "data": "foobar",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "propertyNames validation with pattern",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "propertyNames": {
+                        "pattern": "^a+$"
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "propertyNames_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "matching property names valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "a": {},
+                    "aa": {},
+                    "aaa": {}
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-matching property name is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "aaA": {}
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object without properties is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "propertyNames with boolean schema true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "propertyNames": true,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "propertyNames_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "object with any properties is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "propertyNames with boolean schema false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "propertyNames": false,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "propertyNames_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "object with any properties is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "propertyNames with const",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "propertyNames": {
+                        "const": "foo"
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "propertyNames_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "object with property foo is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with any other property is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "propertyNames with enum",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "propertyNames": {
+                        "enum": [
+                            "foo",
+                            "bar"
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "propertyNames_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "object with property foo is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with property foo and bar is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with any other property is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "baz": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "empty object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties (checked by propertyNames)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "propertyNames": {
+                        "maxLength": 3
+                    },
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "propertyNames_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property with valid name is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra property with invalid name is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foobar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "propertyNames_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/ref.json

@@ -0,0 +1,833 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "nested refs",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$ref": "c_212",
+                    "$id": "ref_4_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "a_212",
+                    "type": "integer"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "b_212",
+                    "$ref": "a_212"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "c_212",
+                    "$ref": "b_212"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "nested ref valid",
+                "data": 5,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "nested ref invalid",
+                "data": "a",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "ref applies alongside sibling keywords",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "$ref": "reffed_248",
+                            "maxItems": 2
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "ref_5_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "reffed_248",
+                    "type": "array"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "ref valid, maxItems valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": []
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ref valid, maxItems invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": [
+                        1,
+                        2,
+                        3
+                    ]
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ref invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "string"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "property named $ref that is not a reference",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "$ref": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "ref_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "property named $ref valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "$ref": "a"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "property named $ref invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "$ref": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "property named $ref, containing an actual $ref",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "$ref": {
+                            "$ref": "is-string_344"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "ref_7_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "is-string_344",
+                    "type": "string"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "property named $ref valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "$ref": "a"
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "property named $ref invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "$ref": 2
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "$ref to boolean schema true",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$ref": "bool_378",
+                    "$id": "ref_8_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "bool_378",
+                    "extensible": true
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "$ref to boolean schema false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$ref": "bool_400",
+                    "$id": "ref_9_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "bool_400",
+                    "extensible": false,
+                    "not": {}
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "any value is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "refs with quote",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo\"bar": {
+                            "$ref": "foo%22bar_550"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "ref_11_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "foo%22bar_550",
+                    "type": "number"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "object with numbers is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\"bar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_11_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with strings is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\"bar": "1"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_11_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "$ref boundary resets to loose",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$ref": "target_1465",
+                    "$id": "ref_35_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "target_1465",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property in ref target is invalid (strict by default)",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar",
+                    "extra": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_35_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "$ref target can enforce strictness",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$ref": "target_1496",
+                    "$id": "ref_36_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "target_1496",
+                    "extensible": false,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property in ref target is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": "bar",
+                    "extra": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_36_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "strictness: boundary reset at $ref",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "inline_child": {
+                            "properties": {
+                                "a": {
+                                    "type": "integer"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "ref_child": {
+                            "$ref": "strict_node_1544"
+                        },
+                        "extensible_ref_child": {
+                            "$ref": "extensible_node_1551"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "ref_37_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "strict_node_1544",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "b": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "extensible_node_1551",
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "c": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "inline child inherits looseness",
+                "data": {
+                    "inline_child": {
+                        "a": 1,
+                        "extra": 2
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_37_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ref child resets to strict (default)",
+                "data": {
+                    "ref_child": {
+                        "b": 1,
+                        "extra": 2
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_37_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ref child with explicit extensible=true is loose",
+                "data": {
+                    "extensible_ref_child": {
+                        "c": 1,
+                        "extra": 2
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_37_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "arrays: ref items inherit strictness (reset at boundary)",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "list": {
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "$ref": "strict_node_1614"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "ref_38_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "strict_node_1614",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "a": {
+                            "type": "integer"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "ref item with extra property is invalid (strict by default)",
+                "data": {
+                    "list": [
+                        {
+                            "a": 1,
+                            "extra": 2
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_38_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "implicit keyword shadowing",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "$ref": "parent_1648",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "type": {
+                            "const": "child"
+                        },
+                        "age": {
+                            "minimum": 15
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "$id": "ref_39_0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "$id": "parent_1648",
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "type": {
+                            "const": "parent"
+                        },
+                        "age": {
+                            "minimum": 10,
+                            "maximum": 20
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": [
+                        "type",
+                        "age"
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "child type overrides parent type",
+                "data": {
+                    "type": "child",
+                    "age": 15
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_39_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "parent type is now invalid (shadowed)",
+                "data": {
+                    "type": "parent",
+                    "age": 15
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_39_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "child min age (15) is enforced",
+                "data": {
+                    "type": "child",
+                    "age": 12
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "ref_39_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "parent max age (20) is shadowed (replaced) by child definition",
+                "data": {
+                    "type": "child",
+                    "age": 21
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "ref_39_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "Entities extending entities (Physical Birth)",
+        "database": {
+            "types": [
+                {
+                    "name": "entity",
+                    "variations": [
+                        "entity",
+                        "organization",
+                        "person"
+                    ],
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "entity",
+                            "type": "object",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "id": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                },
+                                "type": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "organization",
+                    "variations": [
+                        "organization",
+                        "person"
+                    ],
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "organization",
+                            "$ref": "entity",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "name": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "person",
+                    "variations": [
+                        "person"
+                    ],
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "person",
+                            "$ref": "organization",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "first_name": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ],
+            "puncs": [
+                {
+                    "name": "save_org",
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "save_org.request",
+                            "$ref": "organization"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "Valid person against organization schema (implicit type allowance from physical hierarchy)",
+                "schema_id": "save_org.request",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "1",
+                    "type": "person",
+                    "name": "ACME"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "Valid organization against organization schema",
+                "schema_id": "save_org.request",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "2",
+                    "type": "organization",
+                    "name": "ACME"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "Invalid entity against organization schema (ancestor not allowed)",
+                "schema_id": "save_org.request",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "3",
+                    "type": "entity"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "TYPE_MISMATCH",
+                        "path": "/type"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "Viral Infection: Ad-hocs inheriting entity boundaries via $ref",
+        "database": {
+            "types": [
+                {
+                    "name": "entity",
+                    "variations": [
+                        "entity",
+                        "person"
+                    ],
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "entity",
+                            "type": "object",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "id": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                },
+                                "type": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "person",
+                    "variations": [
+                        "person"
+                    ],
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "person",
+                            "$ref": "entity",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "first_name": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$id": "light.person",
+                            "$ref": "entity",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "first_name": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ],
+            "puncs": [
+                {
+                    "name": "save_person_light",
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "save_person_light.request",
+                            "$ref": "light.person",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "extra_request_field": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "Valid person against ad-hoc request schema (request virally inherited person variations)",
+                "schema_id": "save_person_light.request",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "1",
+                    "type": "person",
+                    "first_name": "John",
+                    "extra_request_field": "test"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "Invalid entity against ad-hoc request schema (viral inheritance enforces person boundary)",
+                "schema_id": "save_person_light.request",
+                "data": {
+                    "id": "1",
+                    "type": "entity",
+                    "first_name": "John"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "expect_errors": [
+                    {
+                        "code": "TYPE_MISMATCH",
+                        "path": "/type"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "Ad-hocs extending ad-hocs (No type property)",
+        "database": {
+            "puncs": [
+                {
+                    "name": "save_address",
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "address",
+                            "type": "object",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "street": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                },
+                                "city": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$id": "us_address",
+                            "$ref": "address",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "state": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                },
+                                "zip": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$id": "save_address.request",
+                            "$ref": "us_address"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "Valid us_address",
+                "schema_id": "save_address.request",
+                "data": {
+                    "street": "123 Main",
+                    "city": "Anytown",
+                    "state": "CA",
+                    "zip": "12345"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "Invalid base address against us_address",
+                "schema_id": "save_address.request",
+                "data": {
+                    "street": "123 Main",
+                    "city": "Anytown"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "Ad-hocs extending ad-hocs (with string type property, no magic)",
+        "database": {
+            "puncs": [
+                {
+                    "name": "save_config",
+                    "schemas": [
+                        {
+                            "$id": "config_base",
+                            "type": "object",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "type": {
+                                    "type": "string",
+                                    "const": "config_base"
+                                },
+                                "setting": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$id": "config_advanced",
+                            "$ref": "config_base",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "type": {
+                                    "type": "string",
+                                    "const": "config_advanced"
+                                },
+                                "advanced_setting": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "$id": "save_config.request",
+                            "$ref": "config_base"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "Valid config_base against config_base",
+                "schema_id": "save_config.request",
+                "data": {
+                    "type": "config_base",
+                    "setting": "on"
+                },
+                "valid": true
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "Invalid config_advanced against config_base (no type magic, const is strictly 'config_base')",
+                "schema_id": "save_config.request",
+                "data": {
+                    "type": "config_advanced",
+                    "setting": "on",
+                    "advanced_setting": "off"
+                },
+                "valid": false
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/required.json

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "required validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {},
+                        "bar": {}
+                    },
+                    "required": [
+                        "foo"
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "required_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "present required property is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-present required property is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "bar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "required_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores strings",
+                "data": "",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores null",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores boolean",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "required default validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {}
+                    },
+                    "$id": "required_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "not required by default",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "required with empty array",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "properties": {
+                        "foo": {}
+                    },
+                    "required": [],
+                    "$id": "required_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "property not required",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "required with escaped characters",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "required": [
+                        "foo\nbar",
+                        "foo\"bar",
+                        "foo\\bar",
+                        "foo\rbar",
+                        "foo\tbar",
+                        "foo\fbar"
+                    ],
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "required_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "object with all properties present is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\nbar": 1,
+                    "foo\"bar": 1,
+                    "foo\\bar": 1,
+                    "foo\rbar": 1,
+                    "foo\tbar": 1,
+                    "foo\fbar": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object with some properties missing is invalid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo\nbar": "1",
+                    "foo\"bar": "1"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "required_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "required properties whose names are Javascript object property names",
+        "comment": "Ensure JS implementations don't universally consider e.g. __proto__ to always be present in an object.",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "required": [
+                        "__proto__",
+                        "toString",
+                        "constructor"
+                    ],
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "required_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "ignores arrays",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "ignores other non-objects",
+                "data": 12,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "none of the properties mentioned",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "required_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "__proto__ present",
+                "data": {
+                    "__proto__": "foo"
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "required_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "toString present",
+                "data": {
+                    "toString": {
+                        "length": 37
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "required_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "constructor present",
+                "data": {
+                    "constructor": {
+                        "length": 37
+                    }
+                },
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "required_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "all present",
+                "data": {
+                    "__proto__": 12,
+                    "toString": {
+                        "length": "foo"
+                    },
+                    "constructor": 37
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties in required",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "required": [
+                        "foo"
+                    ],
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "required_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1,
+                    "bar": 2
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "required_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/type.json

@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "integer type matches integers",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "integer",
+                    "$id": "type_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "an integer is an integer",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float with zero fractional part is an integer",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float is not an integer",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is not an integer",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is still not an integer, even if it looks like one",
+                "data": "1",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an object is not an integer",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an array is not an integer",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a boolean is not an integer",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is not an integer",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "number type matches numbers",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "number",
+                    "$id": "type_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "an integer is a number",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float with zero fractional part is a number (and an integer)",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float is a number",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is not a number",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is still not a number, even if it looks like one",
+                "data": "1",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an object is not a number",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an array is not a number",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a boolean is not a number",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is not a number",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "string type matches strings",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "$id": "type_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "1 is not a string",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float is not a string",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is a string",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is still a string, even if it looks like a number",
+                "data": "1",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an empty string is still a string",
+                "data": "",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an object is not a string",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an array is not a string",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a boolean is not a string",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is not a string",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "object type matches objects",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "$id": "type_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "an integer is not an object",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float is not an object",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is not an object",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an object is an object",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an array is not an object",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a boolean is not an object",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is not an object",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "array type matches arrays",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "$id": "type_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "an integer is not an array",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float is not an array",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is not an array",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an object is not an array",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an array is an array",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a boolean is not an array",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is not an array",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "boolean type matches booleans",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "boolean",
+                    "$id": "type_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "an integer is not a boolean",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "zero is not a boolean",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float is not a boolean",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is not a boolean",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an empty string is a null",
+                "data": "",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an object is not a boolean",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an array is not a boolean",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "true is a boolean",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "false is a boolean",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is not a boolean",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "null type matches only the null object",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "null",
+                    "$id": "type_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "an integer is not null",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float is not null",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "zero is not null",
+                "data": 0,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is not null",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an empty string is null",
+                "data": "",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an object is not null",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an array is not null",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "true is not null",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "false is not null",
+                "data": false,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is null",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "multiple types can be specified in an array",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": [
+                        "integer",
+                        "string"
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "type_7_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "an integer is valid",
+                "data": 1,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a string is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a float is invalid",
+                "data": 1.1,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an object is invalid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "an array is invalid",
+                "data": [],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "a boolean is invalid",
+                "data": true,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_7_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is invalid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_7_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "type as array with one item",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": [
+                        "string"
+                    ],
+                    "$id": "type_8_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "string is valid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_8_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "number is invalid",
+                "data": 123,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_8_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "type: array or object",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": [
+                        "array",
+                        "object"
+                    ],
+                    "items": {},
+                    "$id": "type_9_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "number is invalid",
+                "data": 123,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "string is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_9_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is invalid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_9_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "type: array, object or null",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": [
+                        "array",
+                        "object",
+                        "null"
+                    ],
+                    "items": {},
+                    "$id": "type_10_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    3
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "object is valid",
+                "data": {},
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "null is valid",
+                "data": null,
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "number is invalid",
+                "data": 123,
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_10_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "string is invalid",
+                "data": "foo",
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "type_10_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra properties",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "type_11_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra property is valid",
+                "data": {
+                    "foo": 1
+                },
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "type_11_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/uniqueItems.json

@@ -0,0 +1,958 @@
+[
+    {
+        "description": "uniqueItems validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "uniqueItems": true,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "unique array of integers is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of integers is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of more than two integers is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "numbers are unique if mathematically unequal",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "false is not equal to zero",
+                "data": [
+                    0,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "true is not equal to one",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array of strings is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo",
+                    "bar",
+                    "baz"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of strings is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    "foo",
+                    "bar",
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array of objects is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "foo": "baz"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of objects is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "property order of array of objects is ignored",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": "bar",
+                        "bar": "foo"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "bar": "foo",
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array of nested objects is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "baz": true
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "baz": false
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of nested objects is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "baz": true
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "baz": true
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array of arrays is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        "foo"
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "bar"
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of arrays is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        "foo"
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "foo"
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of more than two arrays is invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        "foo"
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "bar"
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "foo"
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "1 and true are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "0 and false are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    0,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[1] and [true] are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        1
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        true
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[0] and [false] are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        0
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        false
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "nested [1] and [true] are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        [
+                            1
+                        ],
+                        "foo"
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        [
+                            true
+                        ],
+                        "foo"
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "nested [0] and [false] are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        [
+                            0
+                        ],
+                        "foo"
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        [
+                            false
+                        ],
+                        "foo"
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique heterogeneous types are valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {},
+                    [
+                        1
+                    ],
+                    true,
+                    null,
+                    1,
+                    "{}"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique heterogeneous types are invalid",
+                "data": [
+                    {},
+                    [
+                        1
+                    ],
+                    true,
+                    null,
+                    {},
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "different objects are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "a": 1,
+                        "b": 2
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "a": 2,
+                        "b": 1
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "objects are non-unique despite key order",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "a": 1,
+                        "b": 2
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "b": 2,
+                        "a": 1
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "{\"a\": false} and {\"a\": 0} are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "a": false
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "a": 0
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "{\"a\": true} and {\"a\": 1} are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "a": true
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "a": 1
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_0_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "uniqueItems with an array of items",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "uniqueItems": true,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "uniqueItems_1_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[false, true] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[true, false] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[false, false] from items array is not valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[true, true] from items array is not valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array extended from [false, true] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true,
+                    "foo",
+                    "bar"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array extended from [true, false] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    false,
+                    "foo",
+                    "bar"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array extended from [false, true] is not valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true,
+                    "foo",
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_1_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array extended from [true, false] is not valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    false,
+                    "foo",
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_1_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "uniqueItems with an array of items and additionalItems=false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "uniqueItems": true,
+                    "items": false,
+                    "$id": "uniqueItems_2_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[false, true] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[true, false] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[false, false] from items array is not valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[true, true] from items array is not valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_2_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra items are invalid even if unique",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true,
+                    null
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_2_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "uniqueItems=false validation",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "uniqueItems": false,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "unique array of integers is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of integers is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "numbers are unique if mathematically unequal",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "false is not equal to zero",
+                "data": [
+                    0,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "true is not equal to one",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array of objects is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "foo": "baz"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of objects is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array of nested objects is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "baz": true
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "baz": false
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of nested objects is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "baz": true
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                            "bar": {
+                                "baz": true
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array of arrays is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        "foo"
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "bar"
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array of arrays is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    [
+                        "foo"
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "foo"
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "1 and true are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "0 and false are unique",
+                "data": [
+                    0,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique heterogeneous types are valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {},
+                    [
+                        1
+                    ],
+                    true,
+                    null,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique heterogeneous types are valid",
+                "data": [
+                    {},
+                    [
+                        1
+                    ],
+                    true,
+                    null,
+                    {},
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_3_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "uniqueItems=false with an array of items",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "uniqueItems": false,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "uniqueItems_4_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[false, true] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[true, false] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[false, false] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[true, true] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array extended from [false, true] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true,
+                    "foo",
+                    "bar"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "unique array extended from [true, false] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    false,
+                    "foo",
+                    "bar"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array extended from [false, true] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true,
+                    "foo",
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_4_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "non-unique array extended from [true, false] is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    false,
+                    "foo",
+                    "foo"
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_4_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "uniqueItems=false with an array of items and additionalItems=false",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "prefixItems": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "type": "boolean"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "uniqueItems": false,
+                    "items": false,
+                    "$id": "uniqueItems_5_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "[false, true] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[true, false] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[false, false] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    false
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "[true, true] from items array is valid",
+                "data": [
+                    true,
+                    true
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_5_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra items are invalid even if unique",
+                "data": [
+                    false,
+                    true,
+                    null
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_5_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "description": "extensible: true allows extra items in uniqueItems",
+        "database": {
+            "schemas": [
+                {
+                    "uniqueItems": true,
+                    "extensible": true,
+                    "$id": "uniqueItems_6_0"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "tests": [
+            {
+                "description": "extra items must be unique",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    1
+                ],
+                "valid": false,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_6_0"
+            },
+            {
+                "description": "extra unique items valid",
+                "data": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                ],
+                "valid": true,
+                "schema_id": "uniqueItems_6_0"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]

tests/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+use ::jspg::*;
+use pgrx::JsonB;
+use serde_json::json;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_library_api() {
+  // 1. Initially, schemas are not cached.
+  assert!(!json_schema_cached("test_schema"));
+
+  // Expected uninitialized drop format: errors + null response
+  let uninitialized_drop = validate_json_schema("test_schema", JsonB(json!({})));
+  assert_eq!(
+    uninitialized_drop.0,
+    json!({
+        "type": "drop",
+        "errors": [{
+            "code": "VALIDATOR_NOT_INITIALIZED",
+            "message": "JSON Schemas have not been cached yet. Run cache_json_schemas()",
+            "details": { "path": "" }
+        }]
+    })
+  );
+
+  // 2. Cache schemas
+  let db_json = json!({
+      "puncs": [],
+      "enums": [],
+      "types": [{
+          "schemas": [{
+              "$id": "test_schema",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {
+                  "name": { "type": "string" }
+              },
+              "required": ["name"]
+          }]
+      }]
+  });
+
+  let cache_drop = jspg_cache_database(JsonB(db_json));
+  assert_eq!(
+    cache_drop.0,
+    json!({
+        "type": "drop",
+        "response": "success"
+    })
+  );
+
+  // 3. Check schemas are cached
+  assert!(json_schema_cached("test_schema"));
+
+  let show_drop = show_json_schemas();
+  assert_eq!(
+    show_drop.0,
+    json!({
+        "type": "drop",
+        "response": ["test_schema"]
+    })
+  );
+
+  // 4. Validate Happy Path
+  let happy_drop = validate_json_schema("test_schema", JsonB(json!({"name": "Neo"})));
+  assert_eq!(
+    happy_drop.0,
+    json!({
+        "type": "drop",
+        "response": "success"
+    })
+  );
+
+  // 5. Validate Unhappy Path
+  let unhappy_drop = validate_json_schema("test_schema", JsonB(json!({"wrong": "data"})));
+  assert_eq!(
+    unhappy_drop.0,
+    json!({
+        "type": "drop",
+        "errors": [
+            {
+                "code": "REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING",
+                "message": "Missing name",
+                "details": { "path": "/name" }
+            },
+            {
+                "code": "STRICT_PROPERTY_VIOLATION",
+                "message": "Unexpected property 'wrong'",
+                "details": { "path": "/wrong" }
+            }
+        ]
+    })
+  );
+
+  // 6. Clear Schemas
+  let clear_drop = clear_json_schemas();
+  assert_eq!(
+    clear_drop.0,
+    json!({
+        "type": "drop",
+        "response": "success"
+    })
+  );
+  assert!(!json_schema_cached("test_schema"));
+}

version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.0.30
+1.0.57